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coming to the throne

  • 1 coming\ to\ the\ throne

    English-Hungarian dictionary > coming\ to\ the\ throne

  • 2 ♦ coming

    ♦ coming /ˈkʌmɪŋ/
    A n. [uc]
    arrivo; venuta; ( anche relig.) avvento: the coming of dawn, l'arrivo dell'aurora; the coming of a new age, l'avvento di una nuova età; (polit.) coming to power, andata al potere; coming to the throne, ascesa al trono; (relig.) the second coming of Christ, la seconda venuta di Cristo; I got word of his coming, ho avuto notizia della sua venuta (o del suo arrivo)
    B a.
    1 prossimo; futuro; che viene: during the coming winter, durante il prossimo inverno; It will be ten years this coming Christmas, saranno dieci anni questo Natale
    2 imminente; in arrivo: the coming storm, la tempesta imminente
    3 che ha un avvenire; che farà strada; promettente; emergente; del futuro: He's the coming man, è uno che ha un avvenire (o che farà strada); the coming thing, la cosa del futuro; la cosa di domani
    coming and going ( anche al pl.: comings and goings), va e vieni; andirivieni; viavai; movimento □ coming away, partenza □ coming between, interferenza; interposizione □ coming down, discesa; calo; ribasso ( di prezzi) □ (leg.) coming into force, entrata in vigore □ coming of age, (leg.) raggiungimento della maggiore età; (fig.) raggiungimento della maturità □ coming out, debutto in società; ( sport) uscita ( del portiere); (fam.) rivelazione della propria omosessualità □ coming together, adunata; riunione.

    English-Italian dictionary > ♦ coming

  • 3 come

    [kʌm] intransitive verb, came [keɪm], come

    come here! — komm [mal] her!

    [I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!

    come running into the roomins Zimmer gerannt kommen

    not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht

    they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt

    Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern

    he has come a long wayer kommt von weit her

    come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen

    2) (occur) kommen; (in list etc.) stehen
    3) (become, be)

    the shoelaces have come undonedie Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen

    it all came right in the endes ging alles gut aus

    have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...

    4) (become present) kommen

    in the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat

    to come(future) künftig

    in years to comein künftigen Jahren

    for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit

    5) (be result) kommen
    6) (happen)

    how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?

    how come?(coll.) wieso?; weshalb?

    come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt

    7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich sein

    this dress comes in three sizesdies Kleid gibt es in drei Größen od. ist in drei Größen erhältlich

    8) (coll.): (play a part)

    come the bully with somebodybei jemandem den starken Mann markieren (salopp)

    don't come the innocent with mespiel mir nicht den Unschuldsengel vor! (ugs.)

    don't come that game with me!komm mir bloß nicht mit dieser Tour od. Masche! (salopp)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/14418/come_about">come about
    * * *
    1. past tense - came; verb
    1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) kommen
    2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) kommen
    3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) erscheinen
    4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) dazu kommen
    5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) gelangen
    6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) hinauslaufen auf
    2. interjection
    (expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) nun, bitte
    - comer
    - coming
    - comeback
    - comedown
    - come about
    - come across
    - come along
    - come by
    - come down
    - come into one's own
    - come off
    - come on
    - come out
    - come round
    - come to
    - come to light
    - come upon
    - come up with
    - come what may
    - to come
    * * *
    [kʌm]
    <came, come>
    1. (move towards) kommen
    \come here a moment kommst du mal einen Moment [her]?
    careful, a car's coming! Achtung, da kommt ein Auto!
    my sister came rushing out of the train meine Schwester stürmte aus dem Zug
    coming! ich komme!
    have you \come straight from the airport? kommen Sie direkt vom Flughafen?
    did you \come here by car? sind Sie mit dem Auto gekommen?
    she's \come 500 km to be here with us tonight sie ist 500 km gereist, um heute Abend bei uns zu sein
    \come to sunny Bridlington for your holidays! machen Sie Urlaub im sonnigen Bridlington!
    to \come into a room/building in ein Zimmer/Gebäude kommen
    to \come towards sb auf jdn zugehen
    2. (arrive) ankommen
    has she \come yet? ist sie schon da?
    Christmas is coming bald ist Weihnachten
    morning has not yet \come es ist noch nicht Morgen
    Christmas only \comes once a year Weihnachten ist nur einmal im Jahr
    how often does the post \come? wie oft kommt die Post?
    \come Monday morning you'll regret... Montagmorgen wirst du es bereuen, dass...
    \come March, I will have been married for two years im März bin ich zwei Jahre verheiratet
    I think the time has \come to... ich denke, es ist an der Zeit,...
    how's your headache?it \comes and goes was machen deine Kopfschmerzen? — mal besser, mal schlechter
    in days to \come in Zukunft
    to \come to sb's rescue jdm zu Hilfe kommen
    to \come as a surprise überraschend kommen
    the year to \come das kommende [o nächste] Jahr
    in years to \come in der Zukunft
    3. (go for a purpose)
    to \come and do sth [vorbei]kommen, um etw zu tun
    \come and visit us sometime komm doch mal vorbei
    I'll \come and pick you up in the car ich hole dich dann mit dem Auto ab
    dad, \come and see what I've done Papa, schau [mal], was ich gemacht habe
    I've \come to read the gas meter ich soll den Gaszähler ablesen
    to \come for sb/sth jdn/etw abholen
    your father will \come for you at 4 o'clock dein Vater kommt dich um 16 Uhr abholen
    the police have \come for you die Polizei will Sie sprechen
    4. (accompany someone) mitkommen
    are you coming or staying? kommst du oder bleibst du noch?
    would you like to \come for a walk? kommst du mit spazieren?
    are you coming to the cinema tonight? kommst du heute Abend mit ins Kino?
    do you want to \come to the pub with us? kommst du mit einen trinken?
    5. (originate from) herrühren, stammen
    where is that awful smell coming from? wo kommt dieser schreckliche Gestank her?
    his voice came from the bathroom seine Stimme drang aus dem Badezimmer
    he \comes of a farming family er stammt aus einer Familie mit langer Tradition in der Landwirtschaft
    does that quote \come from Shakespeare? stammt das Zitat von Shakespeare?
    to \come from Italy/a wealthy family aus Italien/einer wohlhabenden Familie stammen
    6. (in sequence)
    Z \comes after Y Z kommt nach Y
    Monday \comes before Tuesday Montag kommt vor Dienstag
    the article \comes before the noun der Artikel steht vor dem Substantiv
    7. (in competition)
    he \comes first in the list of the world's richest men er führt die Liste der reichsten Männer an
    Paul came far behind Paul kam nur unter „ferner liefen“
    to \come first/second BRIT, AUS Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden
    to \come from behind aufholen
    8. (have priority)
    to \come before sth wichtiger als etw sein
    to \come first [bei jdm] an erster Stelle stehen
    9. (happen) geschehen
    how exactly did you \come to be naked in the first place? wie genau kam es dazu, dass Sie nackt waren?
    \come to think of it... wenn ich es mir recht überlege,...
    \come what may komme, was wolle
    how did the window \come to be open? wieso war das Fenster offen?
    you could see it coming das war ja zu erwarten
    how \come? wieso?
    how \come you missed the train? wie kommt's, dass du den Zug verpasst hast?
    10. (be, become)
    to \come under bombardment/pressure/suspicion unter Beschuss/Druck/Verdacht geraten
    to \come under criticism in die Kritik geraten
    to \come into fashion in Mode kommen
    to \come into money/property/a title zu Geld/Besitz/einem Titel kommen
    to \come into office sein Amt antreten
    to \come into power an die Macht kommen
    to \come loose sich [ab]lösen
    to \come open sich akk öffnen; door aufgehen
    how did that phrase \come to mean that? wie kam dieser Ausdruck zu dieser Bedeutung?
    I've \come to like him more and more ich finde ihn immer netter
    I've finally \come to agree with you du hast mich überzeugt
    your shoelaces have \come undone deine Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen
    all my dreams came true all meine Träume haben sich erfüllt
    everything will \come right in the end am Ende wird alles gut werden
    nothing came of it daraus ist nichts geworden
    his hair \comes [down] to his shoulders seine Haare reichen ihm bis auf die Schultern
    11. (be available) erhältlich sein; (exist) vorkommen, existieren
    the vase \comes in a red box die Vase wird in einem roten Karton geliefert
    how would you like your coffee?as it \comes, please wie trinken Sie Ihren Kaffee? — schwarz, bitte
    sth \comes in different sizes/colours etw ist in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farben erhältlich, etw gibt es in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farben
    to \come cheap[er] billig[er] sein fam
    12. (progress) weiterkommen
    we've \come a long way wir haben viel erreicht
    13. (sl: have orgasm) kommen sl
    14.
    \come, \come! ach, ich bitte dich! fam
    \come again? [wie] bitte?
    to \come clean about sth etw beichten
    he/she had it coming [to himself/herself] ( fam) das hat er/sie sich selbst zu verdanken!
    don't \come it [with me]! sei nicht so frech [zu mir]!
    I don't know whether I'm coming or going ich weiß nicht, wo mir der Kopf steht fam
    to be as stupid as they \come dumm wie Stroh sein
    ... and \come to that...... und da wir gerade davon sprechen,... fam
    to \come unstuck BRIT, AUS plan schiefgehen; speaker steckenbleiben; person baden gehen fam; project in die Binsen gehen fam
    to \come the heavy father [with sb] [bei jdm] den strengen Vater herauskehren
    to \come the poor little innocent [with sb] [bei jdm] die Unschuldige/den Unschuldigen spielen
    don't \come that game with me! komm mir jetzt bloß nicht so! fam
    III. NOUN
    no pl ( vulg: semen) Soße f vulg
    * * *
    [kʌm] pret came, ptp come
    1. vi
    1) (= approach) kommen

    come and get it! — (das) Essen ist fertig!, Essen fassen! (esp Mil)

    to come and go — kommen und gehen; (vehicle) hin- und herfahren

    the picture/sound comes and goes — das Bild/der Ton geht immerzu weg

    I don't know whether I'm coming or going — ich weiß nicht (mehr), wo mir der Kopf steht (inf)

    he has come a long way — er hat einen weiten Weg hinter sich; (fig)

    coming! —

    come come!, come now! (fig) — komm(, komm)!, na, na!

    2) (= arrive) kommen; (= reach, extend) reichen (to an/in/bis etc +acc)

    they came to a town/castle — sie kamen in eine Stadt/zu einem Schloss

    it came to me that... — mir fiel ein, dass...

    3) (= have its place) kommen
    4) (= happen) geschehen

    come what may — ganz gleich, was geschieht, komme, was (da) mag (geh)

    you could see it comingdas konnte man ja kommen sehen, das war ja zu erwarten

    you've got it coming to you (inf)mach dich auf was gefasst!

    5)

    how come? (inf) — wieso?, weshalb?

    how come you're so late?, how do you come to be so late? — wieso etc kommst du so spät?

    6) (= be, become) werden

    the handle has come loose —

    it comes less expensive to shop in town — es ist or kommt billiger, wenn man in der Stadt einkauft

    everything came all right in the endzuletzt or am Ende wurde doch noch alles gut

    7) (COMM: be available) erhältlich sein
    8)

    (+infin = be finally in a position to) I have come to believe him — inzwischen or mittlerweile glaube ich ihm

    I'm sure you will come to agree with me — ich bin sicher, dass du mir schließlich zustimmst

    (now I) come to think of it — wenn ich es mir recht überlege

    9)

    the years/weeks to come — die kommenden or nächsten Jahre/Wochen

    in time to come —

    the life (of the world) to come — das ewige Leben

    ... come next week — nächste Woche...

    how long have you been away? – a week come Monday — wie lange bist du schon weg? – (am) Montag acht Tage (inf) or eine Woche

    a week come Monday I'll be... — Montag in acht Tagen (inf) or in einer Woche bin ich...

    11) (inf: have orgasm) kommen (inf)
    2. vt (Brit inf
    = act as if one were) spielen

    don't come the innocent with me — spielen Sie hier bloß nicht den Unschuldigen!, kommen Sie mir bloß nicht auf die unschuldige Tour

    he tried to come the innocent with me — er hat versucht, den Unschuldigen zu markieren (inf), er hat es auf die unschuldige Tour versucht (inf)

    3. n
    (sl: semen) Saft m (sl)
    * * *
    come [kʌm]
    A v/i prät came [keım], pperf come
    1. kommen:
    sb is coming es kommt jemand;
    I don’t know whether I’m coming or going ich weiß nicht, wo mir der Kopf steht;
    be long in coming lange auf sich warten lassen;
    come before the judge vor den Richter kommen;
    he came to see us er besuchte uns, er suchte uns auf;
    no work has come his way er hat (noch) keine Arbeit gefunden;
    that comes on page 4 das kommt auf Seite 4;
    the message has come die Nachricht ist gekommen oder eingetroffen;
    ill luck came to him ihm widerfuhr (ein) Unglück;
    I was coming to that darauf wollte ich gerade hinaus;
    come 8th SPORT etc Achter werden
    2. (dran)kommen, an die Reihe kommen:
    who comes first?
    3. kommen, erscheinen, auftreten:
    a) kommen und gehen,
    b) erscheinen und verschwinden;
    love will come in time mit der Zeit wird sich die Liebe einstellen
    4. reichen, sich erstrecken:
    the dress comes to her knees das Kleid reicht ihr bis zu den Knien
    5. kommen, gelangen ( beide:
    to zu):
    come to the throne auf den Thron gelangen;
    come into danger in Gefahr geraten;
    when we come to die wenn es zum Sterben kommt, wenn wir sterben müssen;
    how came it to be yours? wie kamen oder gelangten Sie dazu?
    6. kommen, abstammen ( beide:
    of, from von):
    he comes of a good family er kommt oder stammt aus gutem Hause;
    I come from Leeds ich stamme aus Leeds
    7. kommen, herrühren ( beide:
    of von):
    that’s what comes of your hurry das kommt von deiner Eile;
    nothing came of it es wurde nichts daraus
    8. kommen, geschehen, sich entwickeln, sich ereignen, SPORT fallen (Tor):
    come what may ( oder will) komme, was da wolle;
    how did this come to be? wie kam es dazu?
    9. sich erweisen:
    it comes expensive es kommt teuer;
    the expenses come rather high die Kosten kommen recht hoch
    10. ankommen ( to sb jemanden):
    it comes hard (easy) to me es fällt mir schwer (leicht)
    11. (vor inf) werden, sich entwickeln, dahin oder dazu kommen:
    he has come to be a good musician er ist ein guter Musiker geworden, aus ihm ist ein guter Musiker geworden;
    it has come to be the custom es ist Sitte geworden;
    come to know sb jemanden kennenlernen;
    come to know sth etwas erfahren;
    come to appreciate sb jemanden schätzen lernen;
    I have come to believe that … ich bin zu der Überzeugung gekommen, dass…;
    how did you come to do that? wie kamen Sie dazu, das zu tun?
    12. (besonders vor adj) werden, sich entwickeln:
    come true sich bewahrheiten oder erfüllen, eintreffen:
    come all right in Ordnung kommen;
    the butter will not come die Butter bildet sich nicht oder umg wird nicht
    13. AGR, BOT (heraus-)kommen, sprießen, keimen
    14. auf den Markt kommen, erhältlich sein:
    these shirts come in three sizes diese Hemden gibt es in drei Größen
    15. to come (als adj gebraucht) (zu)künftig, kommend:
    the life to come das zukünftige Leben;
    for all time to come für alle Zukunft;
    in the years to come in den kommenden Jahren
    16. umg kommen (einen Orgasmus haben)
    B v/t umg sich aufspielen als, jemanden oder etwas spielen, herauskehren:
    don’t try to come the great scholar over me! versuche nicht, mir gegenüber den großen Gelehrten zu spielen!;
    come it over sb sich jemandem gegenüber aufspielen;
    come it a bit (too) strong (stark) übertreiben;
    don’t come that dodge over me! mit dem Trick kommst du bei mir nicht an!
    C int na (hör mal)!, komm!, bitte!:
    come, come!
    a) auch come now! nanu!, nicht so wild!, immer langsam!
    b) (ermutigend) na komm schon!, auf gehts!
    D s
    1. Kommen n:
    the come and go of the years das Kommen und Gehen der Jahre
    2. vulg Soße f (Sperma)Besondere Redewendungen: come to that umg was das betrifft;
    as stupid as they come umg dumm wie Bohnenstroh;
    how comes it that …?, umg how come that …? wie kommt es, dass …? how come? umg wieso (denn)?, wie das?;
    a year ago come March umg im März vor einem Jahr;
    came Christmas obs dann kam Weihnachten;
    he is coming nicely umg er macht sich recht gut;
    come it Br umg es schaffen;
    he can’t come that Br umg das schafft er nicht; again 1; (siehe a. die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven etc)
    * * *
    [kʌm] intransitive verb, came [keɪm], come

    come here! — komm [mal] her!

    [I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!

    not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht

    they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt

    Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern

    come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen

    2) (occur) kommen; (in list etc.) stehen
    3) (become, be)

    have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...

    4) (become present) kommen

    in the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat

    to come (future) künftig

    for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit

    5) (be result) kommen

    how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?

    how come?(coll.) wieso?; weshalb?

    come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt

    7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich sein
    8) (coll.): (play a part)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    interj.
    eingekehrt interj.
    komm interj.
    kommen interj. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: came, come)
    = kommen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen)

    English-german dictionary > come

  • 4 come

    1. past tense - came; verb
    1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) komme
    2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) komme, nærme seg
    3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) komme, ligge/falle mellom
    4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) komme til å
    5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) komme/bli til
    6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) beløpe seg til
    2. interjection
    (expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) hør nå her!; tenk deg om!; nei, vet du hva!
    - coming
    - comeback
    - comedown
    - come about
    - come across
    - come along
    - come by
    - come down
    - come into one's own
    - come off
    - come on
    - come out
    - come round
    - come to
    - come to light
    - come upon
    - come up with
    - come what may
    - to come
    komme
    I
    subst. \/kʌm\/
    ( slang) møy, sæd
    II
    verb ( came - come) \/kʌm\/
    1) komme, reise
    2)
    3) skje, hende, gå til
    I heard she broke a leg - how did it come?
    4) komme, leveres, selges, fås
    5) komme opp, vokse (om planter)
    6) ( få orgasme) gå, komme
    7) (som preposisjon, hverdagslig) til, neste
    8) bli, vise seg, falle seg
    9) ( hverdagslig) spille, agere
    be as stupid as they come være så dum som det går an å bli
    come about hende, inntreffe, skje, foregå, oppstå
    how did it come about that...?
    hvordan kunne det ha seg at...?
    come across ( også overført) komme over, støte\/treffe på, finne (tilfeldig), få fatt i
    come across (with it)! ut med det!, ut med språket!
    come across as gi inntrykk av å være, virke som
    it comes across as a good film, but mustn't be taken to seriously
    come across with rykke ut, punge ut med, skaffe til veie
    come again? ( hverdagslig) hva sa?, hørte ikke?, en gang til! (gjenta)
    come along bli med, følge med
    dukke opp, vise seg
    klare seg, komme seg, arte seg
    komme, være der
    come along! kom igjen!, kom, nå går vi!, få opp farten!
    come and go komme og gå, forandre seg
    come apart ( også overført) gå i stykker, gå fra hverandre, gå opp i limingen
    come at komme til, nå angripe, gå løs på få fatt på, få rede på
    come away gå bort, gå vekk, forlate løsne, slippe taket
    come back komme\/vende tilbake
    komme til seg selv igjen, komme til bevissthet gjøre comeback, få et comeback, komme på mote igjen
    svare skarpt, svare (igjen), gi svar på tiltale
    come back at someone gi noen svar på tiltale
    come by passere, komme forbi, gå forbi få tak i, få fatt på, skaffe, komme over, få, oppnå
    why don't you come by tomorrow?
    (toget e.l.)
    come clean tilstå alt sammen, stå frem
    come come! eller come now! nå, nå!, stopp litt!, så, så! den går ikke!, nei vet du hva!, hør nå her!
    come down komme ned, gå ned, gli ned, falle ned ( også) være ferdig med sine studier, ha tatt sin eksamen
    falle, rase, styrte (ned)
    come down handsome\/handsomely ( hverdagslig) ikke være gjerrig\/smålig, være rundhåndet\/raus\/spandabel) (amer.) hende flotte seg
    come down in the world gå nedover med, ha sett bedre dager
    come down on slå ned på, kritisere, bruke munn på noen, gi noen en overhaling, gi noen inn ( også) kaste seg over, overfalle
    he came down on me for £50
    come down to innskrenke seg til, kunne reduseres til
    come down with punge ut med, hoste opp pådra seg, holde på å bli syk
    come easy to someone være\/falle naturlig for noen, ha lett for noe
    it comes easy to him!
    come for komme for å hente, komme etter
    come forth tre frem
    come forward komme frem, komme nærmere, ankomme tilby seg, tilby sine tjenester legge frem, komme med
    stille, melde seg
    gå i bresjen for, gå inn for, tale for
    come from komme\/være fra, komme\/stamme fra, utgå fra
    coming from you, that's a compliment
    til å komme fra deg, var det et kompliment
    coming from you, that's good\/fine!
    komme av, være forårsaket av, skyldes
    come in komme\/gå\/stige\/tre inn
    komme til makten, bli (inn)valgt
    få innpass, komme på mote, komme i bruk
    when did the fashion for short skirts come in?
    begynne (å), gi seg til (å)
    komme inn i bildet
    where do I come in?
    hvor kommer jeg inn i bildet? \/ hvilken rolle er tiltenkt meg? \/ hva skal jeg gjøre?
    where does the joke come in?
    come in for komme ut for, bli utsatt for
    arve
    come in handy komme godt med, passe bra, komme til nytte
    come in on bli med på
    come into få, overta, arve
    få en stor arv, arve en formue
    come into blossom begynne å blomstre, slå ut i blomst
    come into one's own vise hva en duger til, vise hva en er god for, komme til sin rett
    come it over gjøre seg til herre over, dominere, tyrannisere, hundse
    who does he think he is, coming it over us
    come of komme av, skyldes, bli resultatet av
    that's what comes of your lying!
    komme fra, nedstamme fra
    come off falle av, løsne, gå av
    ( om flekk) gå bort falle (ned) fra, ramle (ned) fra
    come off it!
    hold opp med det der!, ikke skap deg!, ikke gjør deg til!
    bli noe av, finne sted, foregå
    when is the meeting coming off?
    lykkes, gå i orden
    did everything come off all right?
    klare seg (godt)
    ( slang) få orgasme
    come on komme etter ( teater) komme inn på scenen ( om skuespill) bli oppført ( hverdagslig) oppføre seg
    falle på, begynne å (bli)
    utvikle seg, gjøre fremskritt, gjøre det bra
    how are you coming on?
    jeg føler at jeg holder på å bli forkjølet, jeg brygger på en forkjølelse
    ( om planter) skyte (i været), komme opp ( om lys) komme frem, vise seg, tennes
    come on! kom an!, kom igjen!, klem på!, heia!
    come on Liverpool!
    vær så snill!, gi deg!
    kom hvis du tør!, kom igjen!, bare kom!
    come on! I'll soon settle you!
    bare kom, så skal jeg ta rotta på deg!
    come on, it isn't that bad
    come out ( også om bok e.l.) komme ut ( også om kabal) gå opp
    ( om flekk) gå bort
    ( om hår) falle av ( om konkurranse) bli
    han gikk av med seieren, han vant
    klare seg
    komme frem, tre frem, bli synlig, vise seg, stå frem
    ( overført) la masken falle, vise sitt sanne ansikt ( om blomster) springe ut ( om streik) gå ut i streik, legge ned arbeid komme for dagen, komme ut, komme frem, bli kjent
    rykke ut (for å kjempe), rykke ut i felten
    come out in få et utbrudd
    come out of komme ut av\/fra, gå ut fra
    come out of that! ( slang) stikk!, forsvinn!
    come out right bli riktig
    come out with komme med, plumpe ut med
    come over komme over gå\/komme over
    ( hverdagslig) føle seg, bli
    she came over queer, I came over all dizzy
    skje med, hende med
    what had come over her?
    come over well bli godt mottatt, gjøre godt inntrykk
    come round stikke innom
    stikke innom noen, besøke noen
    komme tilbake, inntreffe (igjen)
    komme til seg selv, komme seg, hente seg inn igjen komme på andre tanker, la seg overtale
    ( om vind) slå om, snu ( hverdagslig) lure, overtale, snakke rundt
    come round (to someone) bli vennligere stemt (mot noen)
    come short (of) ikke strekke til, begynne å ta slutt komme til kort
    come through klare seg, komme gjennom, gå gjennom, klare seg gjennom
    how did you manage to come through without even a scratch?
    komme inn, innløpe, komme gjennom
    (amer., slang) klare brasene, greie biffen stille opp
    come to komme (frem) til, nå
    komme for å
    slå (en), falle inn
    it comes to me that...
    det slår meg at...
    kvikne til hende, skje
    hvordan skal det(te) gå?, hva skal det (hele) ende i?
    han hadde bare seg selv å takke, det er hans egen skyld
    ( om arv e.l.) tilfalle)
    komme på, beløpe seg til
    it came to £100
    føre\/lede til, bli av
    will your plans come to anything?
    ikke bli til noe, løpe ut i sanden
    don't let it come to that!
    det kommer ut på ett, det blir det samme
    gjelde, dreie seg om, innebære
    når alt kommer til alt, når det kommer til stykket
    ( sjøfart) ankre opp, stanse ( sjøfart) loffe (til vinden)
    come to any good bli noe av noen
    come to be hende, skje, ha seg at
    how did you come to be there that day?
    come to grips with komme i håndgemeng med
    come to know lære å kjenne
    come to oneself komme til seg selv, komme til bevissthet
    come to that for den saks skyld, forresten, egentlig, i grunnen, for så vidt
    it was quite a large sum, come to that
    come to think of it ved nærmere ettertanke, når man tenker nærmere over det
    it was rather stupid of him, when you come to think of it
    come under komme inn under, være underlagt, falle\/høre inn under, stå under, sortere under
    what heading does this come under?
    come undone gå opp, springe opp gå galt, slå feil
    come unsewn gå opp i sømmen
    come unstuck ( slang) gå galt, slå feil
    come up komme opp, dukke opp
    ( om planter) komme frem, dukke opp ( om vind) blåse (opp)
    det blåser opp til storm, det blir uvær
    komme opp
    begynne å studere, begynne på universitetet
    tas i bruk, komme i bruk komme på tale, komme opp, bli tatt opp, bli aktuell
    gå ut med gevinst
    loddet mitt gikk ut med gevinst, jeg vant på lotteri
    ( sjøfart) holde opp mot vinden
    come up! ( tilrop til hest) hypp!, kom igjen! bli
    come up against støte på, stilles overfor
    come up in the world komme seg frem her i verden, gjøre det bra
    come upon overfalle (tilfeldig) støte på, komme over, treffe på bli grepet av, bli slått av at, få for seg
    it came upon him that...
    han fikk for seg at...
    være til byrde
    come up to nå\/rekke til
    svare til, innfri
    komme opp mot, måle seg med, matche
    komme bort til
    come up with komme med, foreslå
    komme opp på siden av, ta innpå
    come what may hva som enn skjer, komme hva som komme vil
    easy come, easy go det som kommer lett, forsvinner lett
    first come first served den som kommer først til møllen, får først male
    have something coming to one vente seg noe (særlig noe negativt), få som fortjent, ha seg selv å takke for
    boy, has she got a surprise coming to her!
    how come hvordan har det seg, hvorfor
    I don't know whether I'm coming or going jeg vet snart verken ut eller inn
    to come kommende, blivende
    in days\/years to come
    i dagene\/tiden som kommer
    when it comes down to it når alt kommer til alt

    English-Norwegian dictionary > come

  • 5 accession

    noun
    Amtsantritt, der

    accession to the throne — Thronbesteigung, die

    * * *
    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) die Thronbesteigung
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) die Neuzugang
    * * *
    ac·ces·sion
    [əkˈseʃən]
    n no pl ( form)
    1. (assumption) Antritt m
    \accession to a post Amtsantritt m
    \accession to power Machtübernahme f
    \accession to the throne Thronbesteigung f
    2. (membership) Beitritt m (to zu + dat)
    treaty of \accession EU Beitrittsabkommen nt, EG-Beitrittsvertrag m
    to seek \accession to sth sich akk um die Mitgliedschaft in etw dat bemühen
    application for \accession Beitrittsgesuch nt
    3. to a treaty Zustimmung f
    \accession number Annahmezahl f; (serial number) Signatur f
    5. FIN Vermögenszuwachs m
    * * *
    [k'seSən]
    n
    1) (to an office) Antritt m (
    to +gen); (also accession to the throne) Thronbesteigung f; (to estate, power) Übernahme f ( to +gen)
    2) (= consent to treaty, demand) Zustimmung f (to zu), Annahme f (
    to +gen)
    3) (= addition) (to property) Zukauf m; (to library) (Neu)anschaffung f
    * * *
    accession [ækˈseʃn; ək-; US auch ıkˈs-] s
    1. Annäherung f, Näherkommen n
    2. Zustimmung f (to zu)
    3. Beitritt m (to zu einem Vertrag etc):
    accession criteria Beitrittskriterien (zur EU etc)
    4. (to) Gelangen n (zu einer Würde etc), Antritt m (eines Amtes):
    accession to power Machtübernahme f, Regierungsantritt m;
    accession to the throne Thronbesteigung f
    5. (to) Zuwachs m, Zunahme f ( beide: an dat), Vermehrung f (gen):
    new accessions Neuanschaffungen oder Neuerwerbungen ( to the library der Bibliothek);
    accession of property JUR Vermögensanfall m
    6. POL Anwachsung f ( of territory von Staatsgebiet)
    7. Wertzuwachs m
    * * *
    noun
    Amtsantritt, der

    accession to the throne — Thronbesteigung, die

    * * *
    n.
    Akzession f.
    Antritt -e m.
    Zuwachs m. (s) list n.
    Neuerwerbungsliste f.
    Neuerwerbungsverzeichnis n. v.
    akzessionieren v.

    English-german dictionary > accession

  • 6 come

    1. I
    1) coming! иду!; come and have supper with us (and hear her, etc.) приходите к нам поужинать и т. д.', people come and go люди приходят и уходят; let' em all come! пусть они все приезжают!; has anybody come? кто-нибудь приходил?; the саг has come машина пришла
    2) I waited for the books to come я ждал, когда придут /прибудут, доставят/ книги; dinner came принесли обед
    3) help (money, your order, etc.) came пришла /подоспела/ помощь и т. д.
    4) day (the holiday, Christmas, his turn, etc.) came день и т. д. наступил; old age came подошла старость; when the time came когда пришло /подошло/ время; crisis came наступил кризис; after many years had come and gone no прошествии многих лет; in days (years, etc.) to come в будущем, в грядущие годы; in the life to come в дальнейшей жизни; he will stay here for some.time (for some months, etc.) to come он пробудет здесь еще некоторое время и т. д.', his troubles are yet to come неприятности у него еще впереди, ему еще предстоят неприятности; be ready for whatever comes будьте готовы ко всему, что может случиться
    5) his teeth begin to come у него начинают появляться /прорезаться/ зубы; his colour came and went он то краснел, то бледнел; the pain comes and goes боль то появляется, то исчезает; the light comes and goes свет то загорается, то гаснет
    2. II
    1) come in some manner come reluctantly (briskly, swiftly, constantly, silently, hesitatingly, jauntily, drunkenly, etc.) неохотно и т. д. приходить /подходить/; come он foot прийти пешком; they came one by one (one after another) они шли (приходили) по одному и т. д.; come at some time comeevery day (tomorrow, soon, etc.) приходить каждый день и т. д., you go on, I'm just coming вы идите, я сейчас приду; he has not come yet? он еще не пришел /не приехал/?; who is coming today? кто сегодня приезжает?; come and see me tomorrow приходите ко мне завтра [повидаться]; come somewhere come home (here, there, etc.) приходить домой и т. д.; are you coming my way? вам со мной по пути?; come in! войдите!; come out выходить; come up подняться [наверх]; I'm still in bed, can you come up? я еще [лежу] в постели, вы не могли бы подняться ко мне?; come down сойти /спуститься/ [вниз]; come back прийти назад /обратно/, вернуться; this fashion has come back эта мода и т. д. вернулась [снова]; come away отходить [прочь]; you're too near the stove, come away ты стоишь слишком близко к плите, отойди подальше: come nearer подойдите поближе; come forward выступать вперед; several members of our group came forward a) несколько членов нашей группы выступили /вышли/ вперед; б) из нашей группы вызвалось несколько добровольцев; come by /past/ проходить мимо; did you see anyone come by? тут никто не проходил?
    2) come at some time post comes every day (twice a day, etc.) почта приходит /почту приносят, привозят, доставляют/ каждый день и т. д.; dinner came at last обед наконец принесли
    3) come at some time inspiration ( love, sleep, etc.) never came вдохновение и т. д. так и не пришло; help came at last (soon enough, etc.) наконец и т. д. подоспела помощь; summer came early (late) лето наступило /пришло/ рано (поздно), лето было раннее (позднее); this holiday comes once a year этот праздник бывает один раз в году
    4) come at lame time buds come every spring почки появляются каждую весну; this flower comes once a year этот цветок цветет раз в год
    5) come in some manner the job is coning nicely (badly, etc..) работа идет хорошо и т.д., the garden is coming well в моем саду все хорошо растет
    3. III
    1) come some distance come a long way (three miles, etc.) пройти большой /длинный/ путь и т. д.
    2) come smb. coll. come the grand dame (the swell, the stern parent, the great man, etc.) напускать на себя вид светской дамы и т. д.
    4. X
    1) come to be in some state he came [back] refreshed in mind and body (changed, etc.) он вернулся отдохнувшим душой и телом и т. д.
    2) 0 come undone /untied/ развязаться; come unstitched / unsown/ распороться, разойтись по шву; come unstuck отклеиться
    5. XIII
    1) come to do smth. come to borrow a dictionary (to paint the house, to work, to clean the windows, to get this book. to see him, etc.) прийти [, чтобы] взять на время словарь и т. д.
    2) come to do smth. I came to believe that (to use it, to understand it, to see that I was mistaken, etc.) я стал /начал/ верить этому и т. д.; he came to see the problem in a new light он теперь видит эту проблему в новом свете; now I came to know him better... теперь, когда я узнал его лучше...; when I come to die... когда настанет мой смертный час...; how did you come to hear of it (to know this, to learn where she is living, to do that, to think of this, etc.)? как случилось, что вы узнали об этом и т. д.?; now that I come to think of it he is right подумав об этом еще раз /обдумав этот вопрос/, я понял, что он прав; come to be done the streets have come to be used as motor parks
    /пропущено/
    come to be smb. he came to be a famous man (a good violinist, etc.) он стал знаменитым и т. д.; come to be in some state how does the door come to be open? почему открыта дверь?
    6. XIV
    come doing smth. he came running он прибежал /примчался/; she came laughing она пришла или вошла смеясь /со смехом/; the sunshine came streaming in through the windows солнечные лучи, проникавшие через окно, заливали комнату; the rain came pouring down дождь лил как из ведра; the train came puffing into the station поезд пыхтя подошел к станции
    7. XV
    ||1)
    come first (third, etc.) приходить первым и т. д.
    2)
    come to be in some state come loose ослабнуть, расшататься; come apart /asunder/ развалиться на части, распасться; things will come right coll. все будет в порядке; come true сбываться; come alive оживать; good clothes come high /expensive/ хорошие вещи стоят дорого; it comes cheaper if you buy things in bulk если покупать оптом, выходит дешевле; rising early comes easy with practice если привык рано вставать, то это совсем нетрудно; it comes natural to some people у некоторых людей это получается без всякого труда; come clean sl. "расколоться", все рассказать
    8. XVI
    1) come into (out of, to, from, along, across, etc.) some place come Into a room войти в комнату: come into the garden выйти в сад; the train came into the station поезд подошел к станции; come out of a room (out of a place, out of a house, etc.) выходить из комнаты и т. д., come to a river (to a bridge, to a village, to a station, etc.) подходить /приходить/ к реке и т. д.', come from another country (from London. etc.) приехать из другой страны и т. д.', come down from a tree спуститься с дерева; come down to this level (to the 5 ft level, etc.) опуститься до этого уровня и т. д.; come by the house (round the church, across the Alps, etc.) пройти /проехать/ мимо дома и т. д.; come through his clothes (through the wood, through the wall, etc.) проникать сквозь /через/ одежду и т. д.; come with smb. I'm coming with you я иду с вами; come with me a little way пройдемте немного со мной; will you come with me to India? вы поедете со мной в Индию?; come after smb. come after his sister идти /приходить/ вслед за его сестрой; come for /after/ smth., smb. come for one's book (for their ladder, for his present, for you, etc.) приходить за своей книгой и т. д.; they came after my passport они пришли за моим паспортом; come in smth. come in groups (in swarms. in twoes, etc.) приходить (идти) группами и т. д.: come by smth. come by саг (by train, by air, by boat, etc.) приезжать машиной /на машине/ и т. д.; come (at some time come on the tenth (before midnight, after lunch, in the evening, etc.) приходить /приезжать/ десятого и т.д.; she won't come till late она не придет допоздна; come off smth. come oft a bicycle (off a horse, off a ship, etc.) сойти с велосипеда и т. д.
    2) come on smth. there came a knock on the door послышался стук в дверь, в дверь постучали
    3) come for smth. come for advice (for an explanation, for an answer, etc.) приходить /обращаться/ за советом и т. д.; come to smb. why didn't you come to me? почему вы не пришли /не обратились/ ко мне?; you came to the wrong person вы пришли / обратились/ не к тому человеку; come before smb., smth. come before a judge (before a conciliation court, before the United Nations Assembly, etc.) представать перед судьей и т. д.; the matter came before the international court (the League of Nations, etc.) это дело разбиралось в международном арбитраже и т. д.
    4) come to smb. love (inspiration, etc.) came to him к нему пришла /его посетила/ любовь и т. д.; everything comes to him who waits все приходит к тому, кто умеет ждать; come upon smb. a disaster (a misfortune, a calamity, bad luck, etc.) came upon them у них произошло /их постигло/ несчастье и т. д., fear came upon me меня охватил страх; come over smb. what has come over him? что на него нашло?; а fit of dizziness came over me мне стало нехорошо, у меня закружилась голова; а change has come over him он изменился; come into (across) smth. an idea (a thought, a plan, etc.) came into my head /into my mind, across my mind/ мне в голову пришла идея и т. д.; come upon (to) smb. it came upon me that... я вдруг понял /подумал/, что...; the answer came to him вдруг он понял, как надо ответить
    5) come after (before, on, etc.) smth., smb. spring comes after winter (May comes after April, New Year comes after Christmas, etc.) после зимы приходит /наступает/ весна и т.д.; historians (painters, etc.) that came after him историки и т. д., жившие после него; generations (civilizations, etc.) that came before him предшествующие поколения и т. д.; come in (on) smth. that poem comes on the next page это стихотворение дано на следующей странице; her aria comes in the 3d act ее ария будет в третьем акте; snow comes in winter снег выпадает зимой; new leaves came in spring весной появились свежие листочки; come into (to, in) smth. a look of perplexity came into his face выражение недоумения появилось у него на лице; а smile came to his lips он улыбнулся; tears came in her eyes на.ее глаза навернулись слезы; come to the surface всплывать, подниматься на поверхность; come into sight появиться в поле зрения; come into the world появиться на свет; come between smb. he (his money, her sister, etc.) came between them он и т. д. встал между ними; а misunderstanding came between them между ними возникло недоразумение; enmity came between them они стали врагами
    6) come to smth. come to this question (to the next item on the agenda, to the section on health, etc.) перейти к этому вопросу и т.д., come near smth. come near perfection приближаться к совершенству; I cannot come near that painter я не могу сравниться с этим художником, мне до этого художника очень далеко
    7) come to smth. come to one's knees
    (to her ankles, to the ground, to her waist, etc.) доходить до колен и т. д., the forest comes right to the lake лес подходит к самому озеру
    8) semiaux come into smth. come into blossom /into flower/ зацвести; come into leaf одеться листвой; trees came into bud на деревьях набухли почки
    9) come to smth. come to an understanding (to a decision, to an agreement, to terms with him, etc.) достигнуть понимания и т. д.; come to an end закончиться; come to the end of one's money /of one's resources/ исчерпать свои ресурсы; our talks came to a standstill наши переговоры зашли в тупик; the boys came to blows у мальчишек дело дошло до драки
    10) semiaux come to smth. come to L 6 (to a nice lot of money, to L 1000 a year, etc.) равняться шести фунтам и т. д.; исчисляться шестью фунтами и т.д; how much does it come to? a) сколько это будет стоить?; б) чему это равняется?; duty comes to more than this thing is worth пошлина превышает стоимость самой вещи; what he knows does not come to much его знания /сведения/ немногого стоят; come to the same thing сводиться к тому же самому; all his efforts (his plans, etc.) came to naught /to nothing/ из его стараний и т. д. ничего не вышло; if it comes to that если дело дойдет до этого; what are things coming to? к чему все идет?
    11) come to (into) smth. this law will soon come into force /into effect/ этот закон вскоре вступит в силу; come to the throne занять престол; come (in)to power прийти к власти; come into fashion (into use) входить в моду (в употребление); these two tendencies came into conflict эти две тенденции вступили в противоречие; he came to life он пришел в себя /ожил/ the conflict came to a boil конфликт назрел; when all the facts came to light когда стали известны /выяснились/ все факты; it came to my notice /to my ears, to my knowledge мне стало известно об этом; they will come to no harm с ними ничего не случится; he will come to a bad end /to no good, to grief/ он плохо кончит; come of age достичь совершеннолетия
    12) come of /from, out of/ smth. this comes of carelessness (of your indiscretion, of disobedience, etc.) вот что получается в результате небрежности и т. д., вот к чему приводит небрежность и т. д.', what came of it? что из этого вышло?; nothing came of the matter ничего из этого дела не получилось; nothing came out of all this talk эти разговоры ничего не дали; success often comes from hard work успех нередко достигается упорным трудом
    13) come through smth. come. through trials (through sufferings, through a serious illness, etc.) пройти через испытания и т.д., come through two world wars пережить две мировые войны
    14) come upon /across/ smb., smth. come upon /across/ one's friend (these people, etc.) случайно встретить друга и т. д, I have just come upon him (across the postman, upon your brother, etc.) я только что [случайно] столкнулся с ним и т. д.; come upon the right answer (upon a secret, upon a jar full of ancient coins, etc.) натолкнуться на /случайно найти/ правильный ответ и т. д, I came across this in a curio shop (across this magazine, across an envelope with her note in it, etc.) мне случайно попалась эта вещь в антикварном магазине и т. д.; wandering through these valleys you will come across rare minerals, plants and butterflies бродя по этим долинам, можно отыскать /найти/ редкие минералы, растения и бабочек
    15) come at smb. he came at these people (at me, at the intruder, at the boys with a heavy stick, etc.) он бросился на этих людей и т. д; just let me come at you! дай мне только добраться до тебя!
    16) come into smth. come into a property (into an inheritance, into a fortune, into an estate, into money, into a nice income, into business, etc.) получить /приобрести/ собственность и т. д.', come into favour войти в милость, заслужить благосклонность
    17) come under smth. come under another heading (under the penalty of the law, etc.) подходить под другую рубрику и т. д, what regulations does this come under? в каких правилах это предусмотрено?; come within smth. come within my duties (within my lot, etc.) входить в мои обязанности и т. д.', come before smth. counts (barons) come before baronets титул графа и барона выше титула баронета
    18) come in smth. come in several sizes (in different colours, etc.) быть разных размеров и т. д.; these things come in tubes (in boxes, etc.) такие товары продаются в тюбиках и т. д.
    19) come from /of/ smb., smth. he comes from a good family (of noble parents, of peasant stock, etc.) он [происходит] из хорошей семьи и т. д., he comes from my native place (from Kent, from Florida, etc.) он [родом] из наших мест и т. д., where do you come from? откуда вы родом?; this word comes from Latin это слово латинского происхождения /пришло из латыни/; this quotation comes from Pushkin это цитата из Пушкина; the money came to him from his father (from his wife, from a rich uncle, etc.) он получил деньги от отца и т. д.; wine comes from grapes вино делают из винограда; coffee comes from Brazil кофе импортируют из Бразилии; much of the Iamb eaten in England comes from New Zealand большая часть баранины, потребляемой в Англии, ввозится из Новой Зеландии
    20) come from smth., smb. a sob came from her throat у нее вырвалось рыдание; no word came from him он никак не давал о себе знать; everything that comes from him is evil от него исходит только дурное
    9. XVII
    1) come to doing smth. when (if) it comes to making a decision (to buying a house, etc.) если придется решать и т. д.; he came near to leaving her (to dying, to killing himself, etc.) он чуть было не бросил ее и т. д.
    2) come of doing smth. this is what comes of losing hope (of grumbling, of trying to help people, of judging by the eye, etc.) вот что получается, когда человек теряет надежду и т. д; what came of all your careful planning? что вышло из всех ваших точных расчетов?; come of being in some state it comes of being careless (of being in a hurry, of being tired, etc.) это происходит из-за небрежности и т. д.', come of being of some quality this comes of being so shy (of being miserly, of being illiterate, etc.) это является результатом робости и т. д.
    10. XXI1
    come smth. over smb. coll. he likes to come the heavy father over me он любит проявлять свой отцовскую власть надо мной
    11. XXV
    1) come when... time will come when... настанет время, когда... || come what may будь, что будет
    2) come that... how does it come that you quarreled ( that there are only two, that you didn't get here in time, etc.)? как случилось, что вы поссорились и т. д.?
    12. XXVII2
    come into (to) smth. that... (why..., etc.) it came into my head that мне пришло в голову, что...; it came to my hearing that... до меня дошло, что...; if it comes to that why don't you tell him yourself? раз такие дело или если на то пошло, почему ты сам ему не скажешь?

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > come

  • 7 first

    fə:st
    1. adjective, adverb
    (before all others in place, time or rank: the first person to arrive; The boy spoke first.) primero

    2. adverb
    (before doing anything else: `Shall we eat now?' `Wash your hands first!) primero

    3. noun
    (the person, animal etc that does something before any other person, animal etc: the first to arrive.) primero
    - first aid
    - first-born
    - first-class
    - first-hand
    - first-rate
    - at first
    - at first hand
    - first and foremost
    - first of all

    first1 adj primero
    first2 adv
    1. primero
    he came first in the race llegó el primero en la carrera / ganó la carrera
    you play later, first you must finish your lunch podrás jugar luego, primero acaba de comer
    2. por primera vez
    tr[fɜːst]
    1 primero,-a
    what was your first job? ¿cuál fue tu primer trabajo?
    who was the first man on the moon? ¿quién fue el primer hombre que pisó la luna?
    for the first time in my life... por primera vez en mi vida...
    my first reaction was to... mi reacción inicial fue...
    when you get up, what do you do first? al levantarte, ¿qué es lo primero que haces?
    first, I have to go to the bank primero, tengo que ir al banco
    2 (for the first time) por primera vez
    when we first met, he hated me cuando nos conocimos, me odiaba
    3 (in first place) primero, en primer lugar
    there are several reasons: first,... hay varias razones: en primer lugar,...
    he said he'd die first dijo que antes, preferiría morir
    1 la primera vez
    it's a first for me too! ¡es la primera vez para mí también!
    1 el primero, la primera, lo primero
    2 (gear) primera
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    at first al principio
    at first sight a primera vista
    to come first (in race) llegar el primero 2 (in order) estar primero
    first come, first served el que llega primero tiene prioridad
    first of all en primer lugar
    first thing a primera hora (de la mañana)
    first things first lo primero es lo primero
    from the first desde el principio
    from first to last de principio a fin, desde el principio hasta el final
    First Communion primera comunión nombre femenino
    first floor SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL primer piso 2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL planta baja
    First Lady Primera Dama
    first night estreno
    first offender delincuente nombre masculino sin antecedentes
    first person SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL primera persona
    First World War Primera Guerra Mundial
    first ['fərst] adv
    1) : primero
    finish your homework first: primero termina tu tarea
    first and foremost: ante todo
    first of all: en primer lugar
    2) : por primera vez
    I saw it first in Boston: lo vi por primera vez en Boston
    first adj
    1) : primero
    the first time: la primera vez
    at first sight: a primera vista
    in the first place: en primer lugar
    the first ten applicants: los diez primeros candidatos
    2) foremost: principal, primero
    first tenor: tenor principal
    1) : primero m, -ra f (en una serie)
    2) : primero m, primera parte f
    3) or first gear : primera f
    4)
    at first : al principio
    adj.
    delantero, -a adj.
    original adj.
    primer adj.
    primero, -a adj.
    principal adj.
    adv.
    primera velocidad adv.
    primero adv.
    n.
    primero s.m.

    I fɜːrst, fɜːst
    1)
    a) ( initial) primero [primero becomes primer when it precedes a masculine singular noun]

    Henry I(léase: Henry the First) Enrique I (read as: Enrique primero)

    who's going to be first? — ¿quién va a ser el primero?

    b) (in seniority, standing) primero

    the first eleven/fifteen — (BrE) el equipo titular

    she's first in line to the throneestá primera or es la primera en la línea de sucesión al trono

    he/she was the first to arrive — fue el primero/la primera en llegar

    the first she knew about it was when... — la primera noticia que tuvo de ello fue cuando...

    from the first — desde el principio, desde el primer momento


    II
    1)
    a) ( ahead of others) primero

    which comes first, your family or your career? — ¿para ti qué está primero, tu familia o tu carrera?

    first come, first served: tickets will be available on a first come, first served basis — se adjudicará(n) las entradas por riguroso orden de solicitud (or llegada etc)

    b) (before other actions, events) primero, en primer lugar

    first, I want to thank everyone for coming — en primer lugar or primero quiero agradecerles a todos que hayan venido

    c) ( beforehand) antes, primero
    d) ( for the first time) por primera vez
    e) ( rather) antes

    form a coalition? I'd resign first — ¿formar una coalición? antes (que eso) renuncio!

    first of all — en primer lugar, antes que nada


    III
    a) first (gear) ( Auto) (no art) primera f
    b) (original idea, accomplishment) primicia f
    [fɜːst]
    1.
    ADJ primero; (before m sing n) primer

    I was first! — ¡yo iba or estaba primero!

    at first — al principio

    on the first floor(Brit) en el primer piso; (US) en la planta baja

    from first to lastde principio a fin

    in the first placeen primer lugar

    to win first place (in competition) conseguir el primer puesto, ganar

    to win first prizeganar el primer premio

    first strike weapon — arma f de primer golpe

    the first timela primera vez

    instance 1., 2), thing 2)
    2. ADV
    1) (in place, priority) primero

    first one, then another — primero uno, después otro

    we arrived first — fuimos los primeros en llegar, llegamos los primeros

    women and children first! — ¡las mujeres y los niños primero!

    first of all — ante todo, antes que nada

    to come first — (in race) ganar, llegar el primero; (=have priority) estar primero, tener prioridad

    the customer/your homework must come first — el cliente es lo primero/tus deberes son lo primero

    first and foremost — ante todo, antes que nada

    to get in first — (in conversation, process) adelantarse

    you go first! — ¡tú primero!, ¡pasa tú!

    head first — de cabeza

    you have to put your children's needs first — primero están las necesidades de tus hijos

    free tickets, on a first-come-first-served basis — entradas gratis, por riguroso orden de llegada

    2) (in time) (=before anything else) primero, antes de nada

    first, I need a drink — primero or antes de nada or antes que nada, necesito una copa

    first, I don't like it, second, I haven't got the money — lo primero: no me gusta, lo segundo: no dispongo del dinero

    first and last(=above all) por encima de todo

    first off * — primero de todo, antes de nada

    3) (=for the first time) por primera vez
    4) (=rather) primero, antes

    let him in this house? I'd kill him first! — ¿dejarle pisar esta casa? ¡primero or antes lo mato!

    I'd die first! — ¡antes me muero!

    3.
    PRON

    the first of January — el primero de enero, el uno de enero

    it's the first I've heard of it — ahora me entero, no lo sabía

    he came in an easy first — llegó el primero con ventaja

    from the (very) first — desde el principio

    to be the first to do sth — ser el primero en hacer algo

    they were the first to arrive — fueron los primeros en llegar, llegaron los primeros

    4. N
    1) (Aut) primera f
    2) (Brit) (Univ) sobresaliente m

    he got a first in French se ha licenciado en francés con una media de sobresaliente

    See:
    5.
    CPD
    first-aid

    first base N — (Baseball) primera base f

    to draw first blood — anotar el primer tanto

    first blood to sb — primer tanto para algn

    first cousin Nprimo(-a) m / f hermano(-a)

    first edition Nprimera edición f ; [of early or rare book] edición f príncipe

    first family N (US) [of president]

    first form or year N — (Scol) primer curso de secundaria

    first-year student — (Univ) estudiante mf de primer año (de carrera universitaria)

    first gear N — (Aut) primera f

    first grade N(US) primero m de primaria; first-grade

    first hand N

    at first hand — directamente

    - see sth at first hand

    first lady N(US) primera dama f

    first language N(=mother tongue) lengua f materna; [of country] lengua f principal

    first lieutenant N(US) (Aer) teniente mf ; (Brit) (Naut) teniente mf de navío

    first light Namanecer m, alba f

    at first light — al amanecer, al alba

    first mate Nprimer oficial m, primera oficial f

    first minister N (in Scotland) primer(a) ministro(-a) m / f

    first name Nnombre m (de pila)

    first night N — (Theat) estreno m

    first offender N — (Jur) delincuente mf sin antecedentes penales

    first officer Nprimer oficial m, primera oficial f

    first performance N — (Theat, Mus) estreno m

    first person N — (Ling) primera persona f

    first person plural N (Gram) —

    first school N(Brit) escuela para niños entre cinco y nueve años

    first secretary, First Secretary N (in Wales) primer(a) ministro(-a) m / f de Gales

    first violin Nprimer violín m, primera violín f

    First World War battlefield Ncampo m de batalla de la Primera Guerra Mundial

    first year N (Scol) — = first form

    * * *

    I [fɜːrst, fɜːst]
    1)
    a) ( initial) primero [primero becomes primer when it precedes a masculine singular noun]

    Henry I(léase: Henry the First) Enrique I (read as: Enrique primero)

    who's going to be first? — ¿quién va a ser el primero?

    b) (in seniority, standing) primero

    the first eleven/fifteen — (BrE) el equipo titular

    she's first in line to the throneestá primera or es la primera en la línea de sucesión al trono

    he/she was the first to arrive — fue el primero/la primera en llegar

    the first she knew about it was when... — la primera noticia que tuvo de ello fue cuando...

    from the first — desde el principio, desde el primer momento


    II
    1)
    a) ( ahead of others) primero

    which comes first, your family or your career? — ¿para ti qué está primero, tu familia o tu carrera?

    first come, first served: tickets will be available on a first come, first served basis — se adjudicará(n) las entradas por riguroso orden de solicitud (or llegada etc)

    b) (before other actions, events) primero, en primer lugar

    first, I want to thank everyone for coming — en primer lugar or primero quiero agradecerles a todos que hayan venido

    c) ( beforehand) antes, primero
    d) ( for the first time) por primera vez
    e) ( rather) antes

    form a coalition? I'd resign first — ¿formar una coalición? antes (que eso) renuncio!

    first of all — en primer lugar, antes que nada


    III
    a) first (gear) ( Auto) (no art) primera f
    b) (original idea, accomplishment) primicia f

    English-spanish dictionary > first

  • 8 accession

    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) tiltrædelse; (magt-)overtagelse; tronbestigelse
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) supplering; tilvækst
    * * *
    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) tiltrædelse; (magt-)overtagelse; tronbestigelse
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) supplering; tilvækst

    English-Danish dictionary > accession

  • 9 accession

    [æk'seʃn]
    1) U (to power, throne) ascesa f. (to a); (to estate, title) accessione f. (to di); (to treaty) adesione f. (to a)
    2) С (book) accessione f.
    * * *
    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) ascesa
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) acquisizione
    * * *
    accession /ækˈsɛʃn/
    n.
    1 [u] entrata ( in carica); assunzione ( di carica pubblica); ascesa: accession to power, ascesa al potere
    3 [u] adesione (a un'organizzazione, un trattato, ecc.); accessione; ingresso
    4 [u] adesione (a una richiesta, ecc.); assenso
    5 acquisizione (in una raccolta, un catalogo, ecc.); accessione; aggiunta: the new accessions to our library, le nuove acquisizioni della nostra biblioteca; accession number, numero di inventario.
    * * *
    [æk'seʃn]
    1) U (to power, throne) ascesa f. (to a); (to estate, title) accessione f. (to di); (to treaty) adesione f. (to a)
    2) С (book) accessione f.

    English-Italian dictionary > accession

  • 10 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 11 accession

    ək'seʃən
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) ascensión, subida
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) adquisición
    tr[æk'seʃən]
    1 (agreement) asentimiento
    2 (to throne) advenimiento
    accession [ɪk'sɛʃən, æk-] n
    1) : ascenso f, subida f (al trono, etc.)
    2) acquisition: adquisición f
    n.
    asentimiento s.m.
    n.
    accesión s.f.
    acceso s.m.
    adquisición s.f.
    ascenso s.m.
    ək'seʃən, æk'seʃən
    noun (frml)
    1) u (to position, office)
    2) u c ( acquisition) adquisición f
    [æk'seʃǝn]
    N frm
    1) (=elevation) (to office, post) entrada f en posesión (to de); [of king, queen] subida f, ascenso m ( to the throne al trono)

    accession to powersubida f or ascenso m al poder

    2) (=consent) (to treaty) accesión f, adherencia f (to a)
    3) (=entry, admission) entrada f (to en)
    4) (=increase) aumento
    5) (in library, museum) (=acquisition) (nueva) adquisición f
    * * *
    [ək'seʃən, æk'seʃən]
    noun (frml)
    1) u (to position, office)
    2) u c ( acquisition) adquisición f

    English-spanish dictionary > accession

  • 12 straight

    1. adjective
    1) gerade; aufrecht [Haltung]; glatt [Haar]

    in a straight linein gerader Linie

    2) (not having been bent) ausgestreckt [Arm, Bein]; durchgedrückt [Knie]
    3) (not misshapen) gerade [Bein]
    4) (Fashion) gerade geschnitten
    5) (undiluted, unmodified) unvermischt

    have or drink whisky/gin straight — Whisky/Gin pur trinken

    6) (successive) fortlaufend

    win in straight sets (Tennis) ohne Satzverlust gewinnen

    the team had ten straight winsdie Mannschaft hat zehn Spiele hintereinander gewonnen

    straight As(Amer.) lauter Einsen

    7) (undeviating) direkt [Blick, Schlag, Schuss, Pass, Ball, Weg]
    8) (candid) geradlinig [Person]; ehrlich [Antwort]; klar [Abfuhr, Weigerung, Verurteilung]; unmissverständlich [Rat]

    straight dealings/speaking — direkte Verhandlungen/unverblümte Sprache

    he did some straight talking with herer sprach sich mit ihr offen aus

    9) (Theatre) ernst; (not avant-garde) konventionell
    10) (in good order, not askew)

    is my hair/tie straight? — sitzt meine Frisur/Krawatte [richtig]?

    is my hat [on] straight? — sitzt mein Hut [richtig]?

    put straightgeradeziehen [Krawatte]; gerade aufsetzen [Hut]; gerade hängen [Bild]; aufräumen [Zimmer, Sachen]; richtig stellen [Fehler, Missverständnis]

    get something straight(fig.) etwas genau od. richtig verstehen

    let's get it or things or the facts straight — wir sollten alles genau klären

    get this straight!merk dir das [ein für allemal]!

    put or set the record straight — die Sache od. das richtig stellen

    2. adverb

    go straight(fig.): (give up crime) ein bürgerliches Leben führen

    2) (directly) geradewegs

    come straight to the pointdirekt od. gleich zur Sache kommen

    straight ahead or on — immer geradeaus

    3) (honestly, frankly) aufrichtig

    I told him straight [out] that... — ich sagte [es] ihm ins Gesicht, dass...

    4) (upright) gerade [sitzen, stehen, wachsen]
    5) (accurately) zielsicher

    he can't shoot [very] straight — er ist nicht [sehr] zielsicher

    6) (clearly) klar [sehen, denken]
    3. noun
    (straight stretch) gerade Strecke; (Sport) Gerade, die

    final or home or finishing straight — (Sport; also fig.) Zielgerade, die

    * * *
    [streit] 1. adjective
    1) (not bent or curved: a straight line; straight (= not curly) hair; That line is not straight.) gerade, glatt
    2) ((of a person, his behaviour etc) honest, frank and direct: Give me a straight answer!) ehrlich
    3) (properly or levelly positioned: Your tie isn't straight.) ordentlich
    4) (correct and tidy: I'll never get this house straight!; Now let's get the facts straight!) ordentlich
    5) ((of drinks) not mixed: a straight gin.) pur
    6) ((of a face, expression etc) not smiling or laughing: You should keep a straight face while you tell a joke.) nicht verzogen
    7) ((of an actor) playing normal characters, or (of a play) of the ordinary type - not a musical or variety show.) konventionell
    2. adverb
    1) (in a straight, not curved, line; directly: His route went straight across the desert; She can't steer straight; Keep straight on.) gerade(wegs)
    2) (immediately, without any delay: He went straight home after the meeting.) direkt
    3) (honestly or fairly: You're not playing (= behaving) straight.) anständig
    3. noun
    (the straight part of something, eg of a racecourse: He's in the final straight.) die Gerade
    - academic.ru/71096/straighten">straighten
    - straightness
    - straightforward
    - straightforwardly
    - straightforwardness
    - straight talking
    - go straight
    - straight away
    - straighten out/up
    - a straight fight
    - straight off
    * * *
    [streɪt]
    I. n
    1. (race track) Gerade f
    in the finishing [or home] \straight in der Zielgeraden
    2. CARDS Sequenz f; (in poker) Straight m
    3.
    stay on [or keep to] the \straight and narrow ( saying) bleibe im Lande und nähre dich redlich prov
    II. adj
    1. (without curve) gerade; back, nose gerade; hair glatt; skirt gerade geschnitten; line gerade; road, row, furrow [schnur]gerade
    is my tie \straight? sitzt mein Schlips richtig?
    the picture isn't \straight das Bild hängt schief
    he landed a \straight punch to the face sein Hieb landete geradewegs im Gesicht
    as \straight as a die [or AM pin] (of posture) kerzengerade; (honest) grundehrlich, absolut ehrlich
    2. (frank) advice, denial, refusal offen, freimütig; (honest) ehrlich
    I think we better do a bit of \straight talking ich finde, wir sollten einmal ganz offen miteinander reden
    to be \straight with sb aufrichtig [o ehrlich] mit jdm sein
    a \straight answer eine offene [und ehrliche] Antwort
    to do \straight dealings with sb mit jdm offen und ehrlich verhandeln
    to go \straight ( fam) keine krummen Sachen machen fam, sich dat nichts zuschulden kommen lassen
    3. inv ( fam: conventional) brav pej
    he looks pretty \straight wearing a tie mit Krawatte sieht er ziemlich spießig aus
    4. (heterosexual) heterosexuell, hetero fam
    5. (plain) einfach; (undiluted) pur
    \straight gin/Scotch Gin m/Scotch m pur
    vodka \straight Wodka m pur
    6. (simply factual) tatsachengetreu, nur auf Fakten basierend attr
    \straight reporting objektive Berichterstattung
    7. (clear, uncomplicated) klar
    well done, Tim, that was \straight thinking gut gemacht, Tim, da hast du wirklich scharf überlegt
    just give me a \straight yes or no sag doch ganz einfach ja oder nein!
    we both liked each other's jumpers, so we did a \straight swap uns gefiel jeweils der Pullover des anderen und da haben wir einfach getauscht
    \straight answer eindeutige Antwort; (in exams)
    \straight A's glatte Einser
    he's a \straight A candidate er ist ein Einserkandidat
    8. attr, inv (consecutive) aufeinanderfolgend, in Folge nach n
    the team has won ten \straight games this season das Team hat in dieser Saison zehn Spiele hintereinander gewonnen
    \straight flush CARDS Straight[flush] m
    the \straight line of succession to the throne die Thronfolge in direkter Linie
    to win/lose in \straight sets TENNIS mehrere Sätze hintereinander gewinnen/verlieren
    9. ( fam: serious) ernst[haft]; (not laughing) ernst; (traditional) traditionell, konventionell
    there's a lot of \straight theatre at the festival beim Festival wird viel Althergebrachtes geboten
    to keep a \straight face [or one's face \straight] ernst bleiben
    to make [or put on] a \straight face ein ernstes Gesicht machen, eine ernste Miene aufsetzen
    \straight actor/actress THEAT Schauspieler/Schauspielerin des ernsten Fachs
    \straight production [or play] ernstes Stück
    10. pred ( fam: quits)
    to be \straight quitt sein fam
    11. ( fam: no drugs or alcohol) sauber, clean sl
    ‘Getting S\straight’ programme [or AM program] Entziehungskur f
    12. pred (in order) in Ordnung; (clarified) geklärt
    to put things \straight (tidy) Ordnung schaffen; (organize) etwas auf die Reihe kriegen fam, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ a. etwas schaffen
    let's get this \straight, you need £500 tomorrow or else... stellen wir einmal klar: entweder du hast bis morgen 500 Pfund, oder...
    and get this \straight, I'm not lending you any more money damit das klar ist: ich leihe dir keine müde Mark mehr
    to put [or set] sb \straight about sth jdm Klarheit über etw akk verschaffen
    III. adv
    1. (in a line) gerade[aus]
    go \straight along this road folgen Sie immer dieser Straße
    he drove \straight into the tree er fuhr frontal gegen den Baum
    the village lay \straight ahead of us das Dorf lag genau vor uns
    after a couple of gins, I was having difficulty walking \straight nach ein paar Gins konnte ich kaum noch gerade gehen
    the dog seemed to be coming \straight at me der Hund schien direkt auf mich zuzukommen
    the arrow went \straight through the canvas der Pfeil ging glatt durch die Leinwand
    she told me to go \straight ahead with designing the dress sie befahl mir, auf der Stelle mit dem Entwerfen des Kleides anzufangen
    to look \straight ahead geradeaus schauen
    2. inv (directly) direkt fam
    shall we go \straight to the party or stop off at a pub first? sollen wir gleich zur Party fahren oder schauen wir zuerst in einer Kneipe vorbei?
    to look sb \straight in the eye jdm direkt in die Augen sehen [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ schauen
    3. inv (immediately) sofort
    I got home and went \straight to bed ich kam nach Hause und ging sofort schlafen
    we've got to leave \straight away wir müssen unverzüglich aufbrechen
    she said \straight off [or away] that she had no time on Friday sie sagte von vornherein, dass sie am Freitag keine Zeit habe
    to get \straight to the point sofort [o ohne Umschweife] zur Sache kommen
    4. ( fam: honestly) offen [und ehrlich]
    tell me \straight, would you rather we didn't go out tonight? nun sag mal ganz ehrlich, wäre es dir lieber, wenn wir heute Abend nicht weggingen?
    I told him \straight that I didn't like his tie ich sagte ihm geradeheraus, dass mir seine Krawatte nicht gefiele
    \straight up, I only paid £20 for the fridge für den Kühlschrank habe ich echt nur 20 Pfund bezahlt
    5. (clearly) klar
    after five glasses of wine I couldn't see \straight nach fünf Gläsern Wein konnte ich nicht mehr richtig sehen
    I'm so tired I can't think \straight any more ich bin so müde, dass ich nicht mehr klar denken kann
    * * *
    [streɪt]
    1. adj (+er)
    1) gerade; shot, pass direkt; stance, posture aufrecht; hair glatt; skirt, trousers gerade geschnitten

    the picture isn't straight —

    please put the picture straight —

    as straight as a die (Brit) — kerzengerade; road schnurgerade

    to keep a straight face, to keep one's face straight — ernst bleiben, das Gesicht nicht verziehen

    straight left/right (Boxing) — gerade Linke/Rechte

    2) (= clear) thinking klar

    to get things straight in one's mindsich (dat) der Dinge klar werden

    3) (= frank) answer, talking, question offen, direkt; piece of advice offen, ehrlich; denial, refusal direkt, ohne Umschweife; (= honest) person, dealings ehrlich

    to keep sb straight — dafür sorgen, dass jd ehrlich bleibt or nicht auf die schiefe Bahn gerät (inf)

    4) (= plain, straightforward) drink pur; (POL) fight direkt; yes or no, choice, exam pass einfach

    to have a straight choice between... — nur die Wahl zwischen... haben

    5) (= continuous) ununterbrochen

    our team had ten straight wins — unsere Mannschaft gewann zehnmal hintereinander or in ununterbrochener Folge

    in straight sets/games (win) — ohne Satz-/Spielverlust; (lose) ohne Satz-/Spielgewinn, in aufeinanderfolgenden Sätzen/Spielen

    6) (THEAT) production konventionell; actor ernsthaft
    7) pred (in order) house, room ordentlich; paperwork in Ordnung

    to be ( all) straight — in Ordnung sein; ( fig

    if I give you a fiver, then we'll be straight (inf) — wenn ich dir einen Fünfer gebe, sind wir quitt

    8) (inf: heterosexual) hetero (inf); (= conventional) etabliert, spießig (pej)
    2. adv
    1) hold, walk, fly, shoot, grow gerade; sit up, stand up aufrecht, gerade; hit genau; leap at, aim for direkt; above genau, direkt; across direkt

    it went straight up in the aires flog senkrecht in die Luft

    to look straight ahead —

    the airport is straight ahead —

    2) (= directly) direkt
    3) (= immediately) sofort

    straight away or off —

    he said straight off that... — er sagte ohne Umschweife or sofort, dass...

    4) (= clearly) think, see klar
    5) (= frankly) offen, rundheraus, ohne Umschweife

    I'll give it to you straight, you're fired — ich sage es Ihnen rundheraus or ohne Umschweife, Sie sind entlassen

    to give or tell sb sth/it straight from the shoulder —

    straight up, I got fifty quid for it (inf) — echt, ich habe fünfzig Pfund dafür gekriegt (inf)

    I got fifty quid for it – straight up? (inf) — ich habe fünfzig Pfund dafür gekriegt – echt? (inf)

    6) (THEAT) play, produce konventionell
    7) drink pur
    3. n
    1) (= straight part) (on race track) Gerade f; (on road, RAIL) gerade Strecke

    to keep sb on the straight and narrow — dafür sorgen, dass jd ehrlich bleibt or nicht auf die schiefe Bahn gerät

    2) (= straight line) Gerade f

    to cut sth on the straightetw gerade ( ab)schneiden; cloth etw am Faden(lauf) entlang schneiden

    3) (inf: heterosexual) Hetero m (inf)
    * * *
    straight [streıt]
    A adj (adv straightly)
    1. gerade (Beine etc):
    straight hair glattes Haar;
    straight line gerade Linie, MATH Gerade f;
    keep a straight face das Gesicht nicht verziehen, engS. ernst bleiben;
    put straight ein Bild etc gerade hängen; stand up A 1 b
    2. a straight left (right) (Boxen) eine linke (rechte) Gerade;
    in straight sets (Tennis etc) ohne Satzverlust;
    his third straight win SPORT sein dritter Sieg in (ununterbrochener Reihen)Folge
    3. in Ordnung, ordentlich:
    put straight in Ordnung bringen;
    put things straight Ordnung schaffen;
    put a few things straight einige Dinge klarstellen;
    set sb straight jemandem einen Zahn ziehen umg;
    set sb straight on ( oder about) jemandes Meinung über (akk) richtigstellen
    4. a) offen, ehrlich
    b) ehrlich, reell (Geschäftsmann etc): die2 1
    5. anständig (Leben etc)
    6. umg zuverlässig, sicher (Tipp etc)
    7. geradlinig, folgerichtig (Denken etc)
    8. POL US hundertprozentig (Republikaner etc)
    9. pur:
    drink one’s whisky straight
    10. a) THEAT konventionell (Stück)
    b) THEAT effektlos (Spiel)
    c) gewöhnlich, normal (Roman etc)
    11. WIRTSCH US mit festem Preis, ohne Mengenrabatt
    12. AUTO, TECH Reihen…:
    13. umg quitt:
    we’re straight
    14. sl spießig
    15. sl
    a) hetero (heterosexuell)
    B adv
    1. gerade(aus):
    2. richtig:
    I can’t think straight ich kann nicht (mehr) klar denken;
    get sb straight sl jemanden richtig verstehen
    3. direkt, gerade, gerade(s)wegs, unmittelbar:
    4. oft straight out rundheraus, klipp und klar:
    5. umg go straight keine krummen Sachen mehr machen;
    a) es ernst meinen,
    b) kein Blatt vor den Mund nehmen;
    a) nur heraus mit der Wahrheit!,
    b) mir gegenüber brauchst du kein Blatt vor den Mund zu nehmen
    6. straight away ( oder off) sofort, auf der Stelle, gleich
    7. ohne Eis (Cocktail)
    8. straight up? Br umg echt?, ehrlich?
    C s
    1. Geradheit f:
    out of the straight krumm, schief
    2. SPORT (Gegen-, Ziel) Gerade f
    3. SPORT (Erfolgs-, Treffer- etc) Serie f
    4. Poker: Straight m (Folge von 5 Karten beliebiger Farbe)
    5. fig be on ( oder keep to) the straight and narrow auf dem Pfad der Tugend wandeln;
    go off ( oder stray from) the straight and narrow auf die schiefe Bahn geraten
    6. sl Spießer(in)
    7. sl
    a) Hetero m
    b) jemand, der clean ist
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) gerade; aufrecht [Haltung]; glatt [Haar]
    2) (not having been bent) ausgestreckt [Arm, Bein]; durchgedrückt [Knie]
    3) (not misshapen) gerade [Bein]
    4) (Fashion) gerade geschnitten
    5) (undiluted, unmodified) unvermischt

    have or drink whisky/gin straight — Whisky/Gin pur trinken

    6) (successive) fortlaufend

    win in straight sets (Tennis) ohne Satzverlust gewinnen

    straight As(Amer.) lauter Einsen

    7) (undeviating) direkt [Blick, Schlag, Schuss, Pass, Ball, Weg]
    8) (candid) geradlinig [Person]; ehrlich [Antwort]; klar [Abfuhr, Weigerung, Verurteilung]; unmissverständlich [Rat]

    straight dealings/speaking — direkte Verhandlungen/unverblümte Sprache

    9) (Theatre) ernst; (not avant-garde) konventionell
    10) (in good order, not askew)

    is my hair/tie straight? — sitzt meine Frisur/Krawatte [richtig]?

    is my hat [on] straight? — sitzt mein Hut [richtig]?

    put straightgeradeziehen [Krawatte]; gerade aufsetzen [Hut]; gerade hängen [Bild]; aufräumen [Zimmer, Sachen]; richtig stellen [Fehler, Missverständnis]

    get something straight(fig.) etwas genau od. richtig verstehen

    let's get it or things or the facts straight — wir sollten alles genau klären

    get this straight! — merk dir das [ein für allemal]!

    put or set the record straight — die Sache od. das richtig stellen

    2. adverb

    go straight(fig.): (give up crime) ein bürgerliches Leben führen

    2) (directly) geradewegs

    come straight to the pointdirekt od. gleich zur Sache kommen

    straight ahead or on — immer geradeaus

    3) (honestly, frankly) aufrichtig

    I told him straight [out] that... — ich sagte [es] ihm ins Gesicht, dass...

    4) (upright) gerade [sitzen, stehen, wachsen]
    5) (accurately) zielsicher

    he can't shoot [very] straight — er ist nicht [sehr] zielsicher

    6) (clearly) klar [sehen, denken]
    3. noun
    (straight stretch) gerade Strecke; (Sport) Gerade, die

    final or home or finishing straight — (Sport; also fig.) Zielgerade, die

    * * *
    adj.
    direkt adj.
    gerade adj.
    geradewegs adj.
    rein adj.
    unmittelbar adj.
    unverfälscht adj.

    English-german dictionary > straight

  • 13 Manuel I, king

    (1469-1521)
       King Manuel I, named "The Fortunate" in Portuguese tradition, ruled from 1495 to 1521, the zenith of Portugal's world power and imperial strength. Manuel was the 14th king of Portugal and the ninth son of Infante Dom Fernando and Dona Brites, as well as the adopted son of King João II (r. 1481-95). Manuel ascended the throne when the royal heir, Dom Afonso, the victim of a riding accident, suddenly died. Manuel's three marriages provide a map of the royal and international history of the era. His first marriage (1497) was to the widow of Dom Afonso, son of King João II, late heir to the throne. The second (1500) was to the Infanta Dona Maria of Castile, and the third marriage (1518) was to Dona Leonor, sister of King Carlos V (Hapsburg emperor and king of Spain).
       Manuel's reign featured several important developments in government, such as the centralization of state power and royal absolutism; overseas expansion, namely the decision in 1495 to continue on from Africa to Asia and the building of an Asian maritime trade empire; and innovation and creativity in culture, with the emergence of the Manueline architectural style and the writings of Gil Vicente and others. There was also an impact on population and demography with the expulsion or forcible conversion of the Jews. In 1496, King Manuel I approved a decree that forced all Jews who would not become baptized as Christians to leave the country within 10 months. The Jews had been expelled from Spain in 1492. The economic impact on Portugal in coming decades or even centuries is debatable, but it is clear that a significant number of Jews converted and remained in Portugal, becoming part of the Portuguese establishment.
       King Manuel's decision in 1495, backed by a royal council and by the Cortes called that year, to continue the quest for Asia by means of seeking an all-water route from Portugal around Africa to India was momentous. Sponsorship of Vasco da Gama's first great voyage (1497-99) to India was the beginning of an era of unprecedented imperial wealth, power, and excitement. It became the official goal to create a maritime monopoly of the Asian spice trade and keep it in Portugal's hands. When Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage from Lisbon to India was dispatched in 1500, its route was deliberately planned to swing southwest into the Atlantic, thus sighting "The Land of the Holy Cross," or Brazil, which soon became a Portuguese colony. Under King Manuel, the foundations were laid for Portugal's Brazilian and Asian empire, from Calicut to the Moluccas. Described by France's King Francis I as the "Grocer King," with his command of the mighty spice trade, King Manuel approved of a fitting monument to the new empire: the building of the magnificent Jerónimos Monastery where, after his death in 1521, both Manuel and Vasco da Gama were laid to rest.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Manuel I, king

  • 14 accession

    ək'seʃən
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) tiltredelse, overtakelse
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) tilvekst
    tilgang
    --------
    tilvekst
    subst. \/ækˈseʃ(ə)n\/, \/əkˈseʃ(ə)n\/
    1) tiltredelse (av embete)
    2) (om organisasjon, avtale) tilslutning til, tiltredelse
    3) ( jus) forøkelse, tilkomst, tillegg, tilvekst
    4) (om bibliotek, kunstsamling) aksesjon, nyervervelse
    accession to the throne tronbestigelse
    accessions register aksesjonskatalog, tilvekstkatalog

    English-Norwegian dictionary > accession

  • 15 accession

    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) ascensão
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) aquisição
    * * *
    ac.ces.sion
    [əks'eʃən] n 1 ato de tomar posse, ascensão (a um cargo ou trono). 2 consentimento, acordo, aquiescência. 3 adesão, acessão. 4 aumento, acréscimo, aquisição. 5 acessório, complemento. 6 acesso, ataque (de doença). accession rate Com taxa de acréscimo. the accession to the throne a ascensão ao trono.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > accession

  • 16 accession

    [ək'seʃən]
    1) (a coming to the position of king or queen: in the year of the Queen's accession (to the throne).) prihod
    2) (an addition: There are several new accessions to the library.) nabava
    * * *
    I [ækséšən]
    noun
    (to k) dostop; pristop; prirastek, povečanje; nastop vlade ali službe
    accession to knowledge — pridobitev znanja; plural nove pridobitve
    II [ækséšən]
    transitive verb
    American vpisati v seznam knjig

    English-Slovenian dictionary > accession

  • 17 next

    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the seat next to me — der Platz neben mir

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to(fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    within the next few daysin den nächsten Tagen

    we'll come next Maywir kommen im Mai nächsten Jahres

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last(in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom(in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    [nekst] 1. adjective
    (nearest in place, time etc: When you have called at that house, go on to the next one; The next person to arrive late will be sent away; Who is next on the list?) nächst
    2. adverb
    (immediately after in place or time: John arrived first and Jane came next.) als Nächste/r/s
    3. pronoun
    (the person or thing nearest in place, time etc: Finish one question before you begin to answer the next; One minute he was sitting beside me - the next he was lying on the ground.) der/die/das Nächste
    - academic.ru/117500/next_best">next best
    - biggest
    - oldest
    - next door
    - next to
    * * *
    [nekst]
    I. adj inv
    1. (coming immediately after) nächste(r, s)
    the \next moment she was gone im nächsten Augenblick war sie weg
    I'll be on holiday for the \next couple of days ich bin die nächsten zwei Tage auf Urlaub
    this time \next year nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit
    for the \next couple of weeks die nächsten paar Wochen
    the \next day am nächsten Tag
    \next month nächsten Monat
    [the] \next time das nächste Mal, nächstes Mal
    \next time I'll bring a hat nächstes Mal bringe ich einen Hut mit
    on Monday \next nächsten Montag
    2. (next in order, space) nächste(r, s), folgende(r, s)
    the \next step is to find a house to buy als Nächstes müssen wir dann ein Haus finden, das wir kaufen können
    take the \next turning on the right biegen Sie bei der nächsten Gelegenheit rechts ab
    the woman in the \next room die Frau im Raum nebenan
    the \next chapter das nächste Kapitel
    as much as the \next person wie jede(r) andere [auch]
    the \next but one der/die/das Übernächste
    she is the \next managing director but one sie ist die übernächste Geschäftsführerin
    to be \next der/die Nächste sein, als Nächste(r) dran sein
    who's \next please? wer ist der/die Nächste?
    excuse me, I was \next Entschuldigung, ich komme als Nächste(r)
    3.
    the \next world das Jenseits
    II. adv inv
    1. (subsequently) dann, gleich darauf
    what would you like \next? was möchten Sie als Nächstes?
    so what happened \next? was geschah als Nächstes?
    \next, I heard the sound of voices dann hörte ich Stimmen
    2. (again) das nächste Mal
    when I saw him \next he had transformed himself als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah, sah er ganz verwandelt aus
    when are you \next going to London? wann fährst du das nächste Mal nach London?
    3. (second) zweit-
    the opinion poll found that law and order is the most important political issue for voters and education is the \next most important bei der Meinungsumfrage kam heraus, dass Gesetze für die Wähler das wichtigste Thema sind, Bildung das zweitwichtigste
    \next-to-last day esp AM vorletzter Tag
    he injured himself in a climbing accident on the \next-to-last day of his vacation er verletzte sich am vorletzten Tag seines Urlaubs bei einem Kletterunfall
    the \next best thing die zweitbeste Sache
    the \next oldest/youngest der/die/das Zweitälteste/Zweitjüngste
    Jo was the \next oldest after Martin Jo war der/die Zweitälteste nach Martin
    4. (to one side)
    \next to sth/sb neben etw/jdm
    who works in the office \next to yours? wer arbeitet in dem Büro neben dir?
    I prefer to sit \next to the window when I'm on a plane ich sitze im Flugzeug am liebsten neben dem Fenster
    we sat \next to each other wir saßen nebeneinander
    5. (following in importance)
    \next to sth nach etw dat
    cheese is my favourite food and \next to cheese I like chocolate best Käse esse ich am liebsten und nach Käse mag ich am liebsten Schokolade
    \next to... beinahe..., fast...
    in \next to no time im Handumdrehen fam
    there was very little traffic and it took \next to no time to get home es war sehr wenig Verkehr, und wir waren im Handumdrehen zu Hause
    \next to impossible beinahe unmöglich
    it's \next to impossible to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre es ist fast unmöglich, eine günstige Wohnung im Stadtzentrum zu finden
    \next to nothing fast gar nichts
    Charles knew \next to nothing about farming Charles wusste fast nichts über Landwirtschaft
    7. (compared with)
    \next to sb/sth neben jdm/etw
    \next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor
    8.
    what [or whatever] \next! und was kommt dann?
    so he decided to get married at lastwhatever \next! — children, I expect jetzt haben sie also endlich geheiratet — und was kommt als Nächstes? — Kinder, nehme ich an
    III. n (following one) der/die/das Nächste
    nothing ever changes, one day is very much like the \next nichts ändert sich, ein Tag gleicht so ziemlich dem anderen
    can we arrange a meeting for the week after \next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen?
    one moment he wasn't there, the \next he was kaum war er da, war er auch schon wieder weg
    \next in line der/die/das Nächste
    hey don't butt in in front of me — I was the \next in line he, drängen Sie sich nicht vor — ich war der/die Nächste
    he is \next in line to the throne er ist der Nächste in der Thronfolge
    from one day/moment/year/minute to the \next von einem Tag/Augenblick/Jahr/einer Minute auf den nächsten/das nächste/die nächste
    things don't change much here from one year to the \next die Dinge ändern sich hier von einem Jahr aufs andere kaum
    * * *
    [nekst]
    1. adj
    1) (in place) nächste(r, s)

    next ( Comput: command )weiter

    2) (in time) nächste(r, s)

    come back next week/Tuesday — kommen Sie nächste Woche/nächsten Dienstag wieder

    he came back the next day/week — er kam am nächsten Tag/in der nächsten Woche wieder

    (the) next time I see him — wenn ich ihn das nächste Mal sehe

    the year after next —

    3) (order) nächste(r, s)

    I knew I was the next person to speak — ich wusste, dass ich als Nächster sprechen sollte

    I'll ask the very next person (I see) — ich frage den Nächsten(, den ich sehe)

    the next but one —

    the next thing to do is (to) polish it — als Nächstes poliert man (es)

    the next thing I knew I... — bevor ich wusste, wie mir geschah,... ich...; (after fainting etc) das Nächste, woran ich mich erinnern kann, war, dass ich...

    the next size up/down — die nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere Größe

    2. adv
    1) (= the next time) das nächste Mal; (= afterwards) danach

    what shall we do next? —

    whatever next? (in surprise)Sachen gibts! (inf); (despairingly) wo soll das nur hinführen?

    2)

    next to sb/sth — neben jdm/etw; (with motion) neben jdn/etw

    the next to last row —

    the next to bottom shelf — das vorletzte Brett, das zweitunterste Brett

    next to nothing/nobody — so gut wie nichts/niemand

    next to impossible —

    I kept it next to my heart (most important thing) (dearest thing)es lag mir am meisten am Herzen es war mir das Liebste

    3)

    the next best — der/die/das Nächstbeste

    3. n
    Nächste(r) mf; (= child) Nächste(s) nt
    4. prep (old)
    neben (+dat)
    * * *
    next [nekst]
    A adj
    1. (Ort, Lage) nächst(er, e, es), nächststehend:
    the next house; door Bes Redew
    2. (Zeit, Reihenfolge) nächst(er, e, es), (unmittelbar) folgend:
    next month nächsten Monat;
    next time das nächste Mal, ein andermal, in Zukunft;
    the next day am nächsten oder folgenden oder anderen Tag
    3. unmittelbar vorhergehend oder folgend:
    next in size nächstgrößer(er, e, es) oder nächstkleiner(er, e, es)
    4. (an Rang) nächst(er, e, es)
    B adv
    1. (Ort, Zeit etc) als Nächste(r) oder Nächstes, gleich darauf:
    come next als Nächster (Nächste, Nächstes) folgen;
    his turn comes next after hers er kommt unmittelbar nach ihr dran
    2. nächstens, demnächst, das nächste Mal:
    when I saw him next als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah
    3. (bei Aufzählung) dann, darauf
    C präp obs
    1. gleich neben (dat oder akk)
    2. gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge)
    D s (der, die, das) Nächste:
    next, please der Nächste, bitte!;
    the next to come der Nächste;
    you are next Sie sind als Nächster dran;
    you’ll be next du wirst der Nächste sein;
    “to be continued in our next” „Fortsetzung folgt“;
    in my next obs in meinem nächsten SchreibenBesondere Redewendungen: next to
    a) gleich neben (dat od akk),
    b) gleich nach (Rang, Reihenfolge),
    c) beinahe, fast unmöglich etc, so gut wie nichts etc next to useless praktisch zwecklos;
    next to last zweitletzt(er, e, es);
    I got it for next to nothing ich hab’s für einen Apfel und ein Ei bekommen umg;
    next to the ( oder one’s) skin auf der bloßen Haut;
    next but one übernächst(er, e, es);
    the next best thing to do das Nächstbeste;
    (the) next moment im nächsten Augenblick;
    the next man ( oder person) der erste Beste;
    I’m as honest as the next man ich bin genauso ehrlich wie jeder andere oder wie alle anderen;
    my washing machine is as good as the next one meine Waschmaschine ist ebenso gut wie alle anderen;
    the river next ( oder the next river) to the Thames in length der nächstlängste Fluss nach der Themse;
    not till next time hum nie mehr bis zum nächsten Mal; what Bes Redew
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (nearest) nächst...

    the next but one — der/die/das übernächste

    next to(fig.): (almost) fast; nahezu

    2) (in order) nächst...

    the next largest/larger — der/die/das nächstkleinere/nächstgrößere

    [the] next time — das nächste Mal

    the next best — der/die/das nächstbeste

    2. adverb
    (in the next place) als nächstes; (on the next occasion) das nächste Mal

    sit/stand next to somebody — neben jemandem sitzen/stehen

    place something next to somebody/something — etwas neben jemanden/etwas stellen

    come next to last (in race) zweitletzter/zweitletzte werden

    come next to bottom (in exam) der/die Zweitschlechteste sein

    3. noun
    1)

    the week after next — [die] übernächste Woche

    2) (person)

    next of kin — nächster/nächste Angehörige

    next please! — der nächste, bitte!

    * * *
    adj.
    nächstes adj. prep.
    nächst präp.

    English-german dictionary > next

  • 18 next

    [nekst] adj
    1) ( coming immediately after) nächste(r, s);
    the \next moment she was gone im nächsten Augenblick war sie weg;
    I'll be on holiday for the \next couple of days ich bin die nächsten zwei Tage auf Urlaub;
    this time \next year nächstes Jahr um diese Zeit;
    for the \next couple of weeks die nächsten paar Wochen;
    the \next day am nächsten Tag;
    \next month nächsten Monat;
    [the] \next time das nächste Mal, nächstes Mal;
    \next time I'll bring a hat nächstes Mal bringe ich einen Hut mit;
    on Monday \next nächsten Montag
    2) (next in order, space) nächste(r, s), folgende(r, s);
    the \next step is to find a house to buy als Nächstes müssen wir dann ein Haus finden, das wir kaufen können;
    take the \next turning on the right biegen Sie bei der nächsten Gelegenheit rechts ab;
    the woman in the \next room die Frau im Raum nebenan;
    the \next chapter das nächste Kapitel;
    as much as the \next person wie jede(r) andere [auch];
    the \next but one der/die/das Übernächste;
    she is the \next managing director but one sie ist die übernächste Geschäftsführerin;
    to be \next der/die Nächste sein, als Nächste(r) dran sein;
    who's \next please? wer ist der/die Nächste?;
    excuse me, I was \next Entschuldigung, ich komme als Nächste(r)
    PHRASES:
    the \next world das Jenseits adv
    1) ( subsequently) dann, gleich darauf;
    what would you like \next? was möchten Sie als Nächstes?;
    so what happened \next? was geschah als Nächstes?;
    \next, I heard the sound of voices dann hörte ich Stimmen
    2) ( again) das nächste Mal;
    when I saw him \next he had transformed himself als ich ihn das nächste Mal sah, sah er ganz verwandelt aus;
    when are you \next going to London? wann fährst du das nächste Mal nach London?
    3) ( second) zweit-;
    the opinion poll found that law and order is the most important political issue for voters and education is the \next most important bei der Meinungsumfrage kam heraus, dass Gesetze für die Wähler das wichtigste Thema sind, Bildung das zweitwichtigste;
    \next-to-last day ( esp Am) vorletzter Tag;
    he injured himself in a climbing accident on the \next-to-last day of his vacation er verletzte sich am vorletzten Tag seines Urlaubs bei einem Kletterunfall;
    the \next best thing die zweitbeste Sache;
    the \next oldest/ youngest der/die/das Zweitälteste/Zweitjüngste;
    Jo was the \next oldest after Martin Jo war der/die Zweitälteste nach Martin
    \next to sth/sb neben etw/jdm;
    who works in the office \next to yours? wer arbeitet in dem Büro neben dir?;
    I prefer to sit \next to the window when I'm on a plane ich sitze im Flugzeug am liebsten neben dem Fenster;
    we sat \next to each other wir saßen nebeneinander
    \next to sth nach etw dat;
    cheese is my favourite food and \next to cheese I like chocolate best Käse esse ich am liebsten und nach Käse mag ich am liebsten Schokolade
    6) ( almost)
    \next to... beinahe..., fast...;
    in \next to no time im Handumdrehen ( fam)
    there was very little traffic and it took \next to no time to get home es war sehr wenig Verkehr, und wir waren im Handumdrehen zu Hause;
    \next to impossible beinahe unmöglich;
    it's \next to impossible to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre es ist fast unmöglich, eine günstige Wohnung im Stadtzentrum zu finden;
    \next to nothing fast gar nichts;
    Charles knew \next to nothing about farming Charles wusste fast nichts über Landwirtschaft
    \next to sb/ sth neben jdm/etw;
    \next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor
    PHRASES:
    what [or whatever] \next! und was kommt dann?;
    so he decided to get married at last - whatever \next! - children, I expect jetzt haben sie also endlich geheiratet - und was kommt als Nächstes? - Kinder, nehme ich an n
    ( following one) der/die/das Nächste;
    nothing ever changes, one day is very much like the \next nichts ändert sich, ein Tag gleicht so ziemlich dem anderen;
    can we arrange a meeting for the week after \next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen?;
    one moment he wasn't there, the \next he was kaum war er da, war er auch schon wieder weg;
    \next in line der/die/das Nächste;
    hey don't butt in in front of me - I was the \next in line he, drängen Sie sich nicht vor - ich war der/die Nächste;
    he is \next in line to the throne er ist der Nächste in der Thronfolge;
    from one day/ moment/ year/minute to the \next von einem Tag/Augenblick/Jahr/einer Minute auf die nächste;
    things don't change much here from one year to the \next die Dinge ändern sich hier von einem Jahr aufs andere kaum

    English-German students dictionary > next

  • 19 set

    1. I
    1) the sun is setting солнце садится /заходит/
    2) his power has begun to set его могущество /власть/ слабеет; his star has set его звезда закатилась; his glory has set его слава померкла
    3) cement has set цемент схватился /затвердел/; the glue did not set клей не засох; the jelly has set желе застыло; blood (the white of the egg, etc.) set кровь и т.д. свернулась; the milk set молоко свернулось /створожилось/; all his muscles set все его мускулы напряглись; his face set его лицо-окаменело /застыло/
    4) young trees set молодые деревца принялись; the blossoms were abundant but they failed to set цветение было бурным, но плоды не завязались
    2. II
    1) set at some time the sun sets early (late, etc.) солнце заходит рано и т.д.; set in some manner the sun sets slowly солнце медленно садится
    3) set at some time the jelly hasn't set yet желе еще не застыло; set in some manner cement (mortar, glue, etc.) sets quickly цемент и т.д. быстро застывает /схватывается/; her hair sets easily ее волосы легко укладывать, у нее послушные волосы; his lips set stubbornly его губы упрямо сжались; his teeth set stubbornly он упрямо стиснул зубы
    3. III
    1) set smth. set a broken bone (dislocated joints, etc.) вправить кость и т.д.; set one's hair укладывать волосы; set the table накрывать на стол; set the stage расставлять декорации; set the scene подготовить обстановку; set the sails а) ставить паруса; б) отправляться в плавание; set a piano настраивать пианино; set a palette подготавливать палитру; set a razor править бритву; set a saw разводить пилу; set a clock (the hands of the watch, the alarm-clock) поставить часы; set the focus of a microscope настроить микроскоп; set a map ориентировать карту
    2) set smb., smth. set guards /sentries, watches/ расставлять часовых /караульных и т.п./; set the guard (the pickets) выставлять караул (пикеты)
    3) set smth. set the wedding day (the time, a date, a price, etc.) назначать день свадьбы и т.д.; set a fine устанавливать размер штрафа; set the course разработать /выработать/ курс; set standards (limits, a time-limit, boundaries, etc.) устанавливать нормы и т.д.; set requirements определять / вырабатывать/ требования; set a punishment наложить взыскание
    4) set smth. set an examination-paper (questions, problems, etc.) составлять письменную экзаменационную работу и т.д.; set a new style (a tone) задавать новый стиль (тон); set the fashion вводить моду; set a new model (a pattern) внедрять новый образец (покрой); set the расе задавать темп; set a record устанавливать рекорд; set a precedent создавать прецедент; set a good (bad) example подавать хороший (дурной) пример
    5) set smth. set a trap (a snare) поставить капкан (силки); set an ambush устроить засаду
    4. IV
    1) set smth. somewhere set the books back положить /поставить/ книги на место; set the chairs back отодвигать стулья; set back one's shoulders расправить плечи; the dog set its ears back собака прижала уши; set the clock (one's watch, the alarm, the hand of the watch, etc.) back one hour перевести часы /отвести часы/ на один час назад; set one's watch forward one hour поставить /перевести/ часы на один час вперед; set a house well (some distance /some way/, a fair distance, etc.) back from the road (from the street, etc.) построить /поставить/ дом вдали и т.д. от дороги и т.д.; set the book (one's knitting, the newspaper, etc.) aside отложить в сторону /отодвинуть/ книгу и т.A; set down one's load (one's suitcase, a box, etc.) опустить свой груз и т.д. (на землю)-, set the tray down поставить (на стол и т.я.) поднос; set the chair upright поднять стул; set smb. somewhere set the dogs apart растащить [дерущихся] собак; set the children apart отделять /изолировать/ детей
    2) set smb., smth. in some direction the current set them (the boat, the ship, etc.) northward (seawards, etc.) течением их и т.д. понесло к северу и т.д.
    5. V
    set smb. smth.
    1) set the boys (the students, the employees, etc.) a difficult job (an easy task, a difficult problem, the job of cleaning the yard, etc.) (заплавать мальчикам и т.д. трудную работу и т.д., set oneself a difficult task ставить перед бабой трудную задачу; set him a sum задавать ему арифметическую задачу; set one's son a goal поставить перед своим сыном цель
    2) set the children (the younger boys, youngsters, other people, etc.) a good example подавать детям и т.д. хороший пример; set smb. smth. to do smth. set smb. a standard /a pattern/ to follow служить для кого-л. образцом, которому надо следовать
    6. VI
    set smth., smb. in some state
    1) set the window (the door, the gates, etc.) open открывать /оставлять открытым/ окно и т.д.; set the door ajar приоткрывать дверь, оставить дверь полуоткрытой; set one's hat (one's tie, one's skirt, etc.) straight поправить шляпу и т.д., надеть шляпу и т.д. как следует; set the prisoners (the bird, etc.) free освобождать /выпускать на свободу, на волю/ узников и т.д.; set the dog loose спускать собаку (с цепи, с поводка и т.п.); a good night's rest will set you right за ночь вы отдохнете и снова будете хорошо себя чувствовать; why didn't you set the boy right? почему же вы не поправили мальчика?; I can soon set that right я могу это быстро уладить или исправить; set errors right исправлять ошибки; it would set him (myself) right in their eyes это оправдает его (меня) в их глазах; set things /matters/ straight /right/ уладить дела; set things ready приводить все в готовность; set smb.'s curiosity agog возбуждать чье-л. любопытство
    7. VII
    1) set smb. to do smth. set the men to chop wood (the men to saw wood, the boys to dig a field, the pupils to work at their algebra, the girl to shell peas, the pupils to sing, etc.) заставлять рабочих колоть дрова и т.д.; I set him to work at mowing the lawn я велел ему /дал ему задание/ постричь газон; я вменил ему в обязанность подстригать газон; whom did you set to do this? кому вы поручили это сделать?; I set myself to study the problem я решил взяться за изучение этого вопроса; he set himself to finish the job by the end of May он твердо решил /поставил себе целью/ закончить работу к концу мая
    2) set smth. to do smth. set a machine (a device, a mechanism, etc.) to work приводить в действие /завалять. запускать/ машину и т.д.; set the alarm clock to wake us at seven заводить будильник, чтобы он поднял нас в семь часов, поставить будильник на семь часов
    3) set smth. to do smth. set a pattern to be followed подавать пример; создавать пример для подражания
    8. VIII
    set smb., smth. doing smth. set everybody (the company, people, me, etc.) thinking (singing, running, etc.) заставить всех и т.д. (при)задуматься и т.д.; set smb. talking а) заставить кого-л. говорить, разговорить кого-л.; I set him talking about the new invention (about the discovery, about marriage, etc.) я навел его на разговор о новом изобретении и т.д.; б) дать кому-л. пищу для разговоров; this incident set people talking этот случай /инцидент/ вызвал всякие пересуды; my jokes set the whole table (the company, the audience, the boys, etc.) laughing мой шутки смешили всех за столом и т.д.; set them wondering вызвать у них удивление; the smoke set her coughing от дыма она закашлялась; who has set the dog barking? кто там прошел?, почему лает собака?; set tongues wagging вызывать толки /пересуды/, давать пищу для сплетен; the news set my heart beating эта новость заставила мое сердце забиться; it's time we set the machinery (the machine, the engine, etc.) going пора запустить механизм и т.д. /привести механизм и т.д. в действие/; when anybody entered the device set the bell ringing когда кто-нибудь входил, срабатывало устройство и звонок начинал звонить; а strong wind set the bells ringing от сильного ветра колокола зазвонили; set a top spinning запускать волчок; а false step will set stones rolling один неверный шаг set и камни покатятся вниз; set a plan going начать осуществление плана; we must set things going надо начинать действовать
    9. XI
    1) be set in (near, round, on, etc.) smth. her house is set well back in the garden (near the road, some way back from the street, on a hill, etc.) ее дом стоит а глубине сада и т.д.; а town (a country-seat, a village, etc.) is set in a woodland (on an island, north of /from/ London, etc.) город и т.д. расположен в лесистой местности и т.д.; а boundary stone is set between two fields поля разделяет межевой камень; а balcony is set round the house вокруг дома идет балкон; the second act (the scene, the play, etc.) is set in ancient Rome (in a street, in Paris, etc.) действие второго акта и т.д. происходит в древнем Риме и т.д.; а screen is set in a wall экран вделан /вмонтирован/ в стену; there was a little door set in a wall в стене была маленькая дверка; а ruby (a diamond, etc.) was set in a buckle (in a gold ring, in an earring, etc.) в пряжку и т.д. был вделан /вставлен/ рубин и т.д.; а ruby is set in gold рубин в золотой оправе /оправлен золотом/; his blue eyes are set deep in a white face на его бледном лице глубоко посажены голубые глаза; the young plants should be set at intervals of six inches эти молодые растения надо сажать на расстоянии шести дюймов [друг от друга]; be set with smth. the coast is set with modem resorts на побережье раскинулось множество современных курортов; the tops of the wall were set with broken glass верхний край стены был утыкан битым стеклом; the room is set with tables and chairs комната заставлена столами и стульями; tables were set with little sprays of blue flowers столы были украшены маленькими букетиками синих цветов: the field was set with daisies поле было усеяно маргаритками; the sky was set with stars небо было усыпано звездами; а bracelet (a ring, a crown, a sword-handle, a valuable ornament, etc.) was set with diamonds (with jewels, with gems, with rubies, with pearls, with precious stones, etc.) браслет и т.д. был украшен /усыпан/ бриллиантами и т.д.; а gold ring set with two fine pearls золотое кольцо с двумя большими жемчужинами
    3) be set on smth., smb. he (his mind, his heart) was set on it ему этого очень хотелось; his heart was set on her a) он любил лишь ее; б) все его помыслы были связаны с ней; be set on doing smth. be set on going to the stage (on coming here again, etc.) твердо решить пойти на сцену и т.д.; be set on going to the sea окончательно решить стать моряком; be set on having a motor bike (on winning, on finding him, etc.) поставить своей целью приобрести мотоцикл и т.д.; be set against smth.,smb. he is set against all reforms (against having electric light in the house, against this marriage, against the trip, etc.) он решительно [настроен] против всяких реформ и т.д.; he is set against her он и слышать о ней не хочет; be set against doing smth. he was violently set against meeting her он упорно отказывался встретиться /от встречи/ с ней /противился встрече с ней/
    4) be set on by smb. she was set on by robbers (by a lot of roughs in the dark, by a dog, etc.) на нее напали грабители и т.д.
    5) be set the table is set стол накрыт; the sails are set паруса подняты; be set for smb., smth. the table is set for six стол накрыт на шесть человек /персон/; the table is set for dinner (for lunch, etc.) стол накрыт к обеду и т.д.; be set in some state slaves (prisoners, hostages, etc.) were set free /at liberty/ рабы и т.д. были освобождены /отпущены на волю/; this must be set in order a) это надо привести в порядок; б) это надо разместить /разложить/ по порядку; the motor was set in motion включили мотор
    6) be set at some time the mortar is already set цемент уже схватился /затвердел/; the jelly is not set yet желе еще не застыло; has the type for the book been set yet? эту книгу уже набрали?; it was all set now теперь все было готово /подготовлено/; be set in some manner his lips (his jaws, his teeth) were firmly set in an effort to control himself он плотно сжал губы (челюсти, зубы), пытаясь овладеть собой; his mind and character are completely set он вполне сформировался /сложился/ как личность; be set to do smth. be set to go there быть готовым пойти туда; two pumps (machines, wheels, etc.) were set to work два насоса и т.д. были включены /приведены в действие/; be set for smth. be set for the talk (for the meeting, for the game, for the journey, etc.) быть готовым к разговору и т.д.; the scene is set for the tragedy (for the drama, for the climax, etc.) события (в книге, в пьесе и т.п.) подводят /подготавливают/ (читателя, зрителя и т.п.) к трагедии и т.д.; he was all set for a brilliant career у него были все задатки для блестящей карьеры
    7) be set over smb. he was set over people ему была дана власть над людьми; he was set over his rivals его ставили выше его соперников
    8) be set against smth. one's expenses must be set against the amount received расходы следует соразмерить с доходами; the advantages must be set against the disadvantages надо учесть все плюсы и минусы; against these gains must be set the loss of prestige оценивая эти выгоды, нельзя забывать об ущербе в связи с потерей престижа; it's no good when theory is set against practice плохо, когда теорию противопоставляют практике; when one language is set against another... когда один язык сравнивают /сопоставляют/ с другим...
    9) be set for some time the examination (the voting, his departure, etc.) is set for today (for May 2, etc.) экзамен и т.д. назначен на сегодня и т.д., the party is all set for Monday at my place решено вечеринку провести в понедельник у меня; the time and date of the meeting have not yet been set дата и время собрания еще не установлены; be set by smth., smb. rules (standards, terms, fees, etc.) are set by a committee (by the law, by the headmaster, etc.) правила и т.д. устанавливаются комиссией и т.д.
    10) be set the list of questions is set список вопросов /вопросник/ составлен; be set for smth. what subjects have been set for the examination next year? какие предметы включены в экзамен на будущий год? || be set to music быть положенным на музыку
    11) be set in smth. the editorial was set in boldface type передовая была набрана жирным шрифтом
    10. XII
    have smth. set we have everything set у нас все готово /подготовлено/; the ship has her sails set корабль поднял паруса; have a place set for a guest поставить прибор для гостя
    11. XIII
    set to do smth. set to dig the garden (to write letters, etc.) начать вскапывать сад и т.д.; the engineers set to repair the bridge инженеры приступили к ремонту моста
    12. XVI
    1) set behind (in, on, etc.) smth. the sun sets behind the western range of mountains солнце садится за горной грядой на западе; the sun sets in the sea солнце садится в море; the sun never sets on our country над нашей страной никогда не заходит солнце; set at (in) smth. the sun sets at five o'clock (in the evening, etc.) солнце заходит в пять часов и т.д.
    2) set against (to, from, etc.) smth. set against the wind (against the current) двигаться, направляться (идти, плыть и т.п.) против ветра (против течения); set against the tide идти против прилива; the wind sets from the south (from the west, from the north-east, etc.) ветер дует с юга и т.д.: the current sets to the west (to the south, through the channel, through the straits, etc.) течение идет на запад и т.д.; the tide has set in his favour ему начинает везти
    3) set against (with) smth., smb. public opinion is setting against this proposal (against this plan, against his visit, against him, etc.) общественное мнение складывается не в пользу этого предложения и т.д.; circumstances were setting with our plan (with him, etc.) обстоятельства складывались благоприятно для осуществления нашего плана и т.д.
    4) set about (upon, on, to) smth. set about the study of mineralogy (about the composition, about it, about one's washing, about one's work, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за изучение минералогии и т.д.; I don't know how to set about this job не знаю, как приступить /как подступиться/ к этой работе; they set upon the task unwillingly они неохотно взялись за выполнение этой задачи; set to work in earnest, set seriously to work серьезно браться за работу; set to work on the problem приняться за работу над этой проблемой; set to work on one's studies начать заниматься, приняться за учение
    5) set up (on) smb. set upon the enemy атаковать противника; а gang of ruffians set on him на него напала шайка хулиганов; they set upon him with blows они набросились на него с кулаками; they set upon us with arguments они обрушились на нас со своими доводами; set about /at/ smb. coll. set about the boys (about the stranger, about the supporters of the other team, at the bully, etc.) набрасываться /налетать, наскакивать/ на мальчишек и т.д.; they set about each other at once они сразу же сцепились друг с другом /начали колошматить друг друга/; I'd set about you myself if I could я бы сам отколотил тебя, если бы мог; I'd set about him with a stick (with the butt of the spade, etc.) if we have any trouble если что [не так], я стукну его палкой и т.д.
    6) set in smth. cement soon sets in dry weather (in the cold, in the sun, etc.) в сухую погоду /когда сухо,/ и т.д. цемент быстро затвердевает /застывает/
    13. XVII
    set about (to) doing smth. set about getting dinner ready (about tidying up the room, about doing one's lessons, about stamp-collecting, late.) приниматься за обед /за приготовление обеда/ и т.д.; I must. set about my packing мне надо [начать] укладываться; he asked me how lie should set about learning German он спросил меня, с чего ему начать изучение немецкого языка; set to arguing (to fighting, to quarrelling. etc.) начинать /приниматься/ спорить и т.д.; they set to packing они стали упаковываться
    14. XXI1
    1) set smth., smb. on (at, against, in, before, for, etc.) smth., smb. set dishes (a lamp, one's glass, etc.) on the table поставить тарелки и т.д. на стол; set a place for the guest поставить прибор для гостя; set food and drink (wine and nuts, meat, a dish, etc.) before guests (before travellers, etc.) поставить еду и напитки и т.д. перед гостями и т.д.; set a table by the window (an armchair before a desk, a floor-lamp beside an armchair, etc.) поставить стол у окна и т.д.; set chairs around (at) a table расставлять стулья вокруг (у) стола; set a ladder (a bicycle, a stick, etc.) against a wall прислонить /приставить/ лестницу и т.д. к стене; set one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку кому-л. на плечо; set a hand against the door опереться рукой о дверь; set smb. on his feet поставить кого-л. на ноги
    2) set smth., smb. in (by, on, upon, etc.) smth. set things in their place again вернуть /положить/ вещи на место; set flowers in the water (in a vase, etc.) поставить цветы в воду и т.д.; set glass in a window вставлять стекло в окно; set lamps in 'walls вделывать светильники в стены; set one's foot in the stirrup вставить ногу в стремя; set the stake in the ground вкопать столб в землю; set a pearl (a jewel, a diamond, etc.) in gold оправлять жемчужину и т.д. в золото; set smb. by the fire усадить кого-л. у огня: set a child in a high chair посадить ребенка ка высокий стул; set smb. in the dock посадить кого-л. на скамью подсудимых; set a wheel on an axle насадить колесо на ось: set a hen on eggs, set eggs under a hen посадить курицу на яйца; set a boy on horseback подсадить мальчика на лошадь; set smb. on the pedestal поставить /возвести/ кого-л. на пьедестал; set troops on shore высадить войска [на берег]; set one's foot oil a step поставить ногу на ступеньку; set foot on shore ступить на берег; I'll never set foot on your threshold я никогда не переступлю порог вашего дома; set a crown on his head возложить на него корону; set a king on the throne посадить короля на трон; set a kiss upon smb.'s hand приложиться к чьей-л. руке; set smth. with smth. set the top of the wall with broken glass утыкать верхнюю часть стены битым стеклом; set this bed with tulips (with geraniums, etc.) засадить эту клумбу тюльпанами и т.д. || set eyes on smb., smth. увидеть кого-л что-л., I never set eyes on him before today до сегодняшнего дня я его в глаза не видел; that child wants everything he sets his eyes on этому ребенку вынь, да положь все, что он видит
    3) set smth. to smth. set a glass (a trumpet, etc.) to one's lips, set one's lips to a glass (to a trumpet, etc.) подносить стакан и т.д. к губам /ко рту/; set a match (a lighter) to a cigarette (to old papers, to a fire, etc.) подносить спичку (зажигалку) к сигарете и т.д.; set one's shoulder to the door налечь плечом на дверь; set spurs to a horse пришпорить лошадь
    4) set smb. across smth. set him across the river переправлять его через реку /на другой берег/; set a child across the street перевести ребенка на другую сторону улицы /через улицу/; set smth. by smth. set a ship by the compass вести корабль по компасу; set smth. against (to ward(s), to) smth. set the boat against the wind (against the current) направлять лодку против ветра и т.д.; set one's course to the south направляться на юг; set one's face toward the east (toward home, towards the sun, etc.) повернуться лицом к востоку и т.д.; set smb. after (at, on, etc.) smb., smth. set the police (detectives, etc.) after /on the track of/ the criminal (on her, after the spies, etc.) направлять полицию и т.д. по следу преступника и т.д.; set the boys on the wrong (right) track направлять мальчишек по ложному (по правильному) следу; set a dog at a hare (at a fox, at a bull, at his heels, etc.) пустить собаку по следу зайца и т.д.; set dogs on a stranger (on a trespasser, on thieves, etc.) спустить собак на незнакомца и т.д. || set sail for India отплывать /направляться/ в Индию
    5) set smb. against (on, to, etc.) smb., smth. set people against each other (a friend against another, everyone against him, etc.) настраивать людей друг против друга и т.д.; he is trying to set you against me он старается восстановить вас против меня; set oneself against the proposal (against the scheme, against the decision, against his nomination, against him, etc.) был настроенным /выступать/ против этого предложения и т.д.; set the crowd on acts of violence (the crew to mutiny, soldiers to violence, people to robbery, etc.) подстрекать толпу на совершение актов насилия /к насилию/ и т.д.; set smth. against smth. set one thing against another противопоставлять одно другому; set one language against another сопоставлять /сравнивать/ один язык с другим; set smth. on smth. set one's heart /one's mind/ on the trip твердо настроиться на эту поездку; set one's heart on a new dress (on a new car, etc.) жаждать /очень хотеть/ купить новое платье и т.д.; he set his thoughts on the plan все его помыслы направлены на осуществление этого плана || set him at odds with his friends рассорить его с друзьями
    6) set smb., smth. to smth. set the class (the boys, him, etc.) to work (to a task, to sums, to dictation, etc.) засадить класс и т.д. за работу и т.д.; set one's mind /one's wits/ to a question (to a task, to a job, etc.) сосредоточиться на каком-л. вопросе и т.д.; you won't find the work difficult if only you set your mind to it если вы серьезно возьметесь за дело, работа не покажется вам трудной; set one's hand to the work (to the task, to the plough, etc.) взяться за работу и т.д.; he set himself resolutely to the task он решительно взялся за выполнение задачи; set а реп to' paper начать писать, взяться за перо; set smth. before smb. set a task (an object) before him поставить перед ним задачу
    7) set smth., smb. т (on, at, to) smth. set one's affairs (one's papers, one's house, a room, etc.) in order /to rights/ приводить свои дела и т.д. в порядок; set a machine in motion запустить машину; set the project in motion начинать работу над объектом; set the machinery of the government in motion приводить государственную машину в движение; set a chain reaction in motion вызвать цепную реакцию; his jokes set the audience (the table, the whole room, etc.) in a roar от его шуток вся аудитория и т.д. покатывалась со смеху; set smb. on his guard настораживать кого-л.; set smb. (smb.'s guests, the boy, smb.'s mind, etc.) at ease успокаивать кого-л. и т.д.; he set the girl at ease с ним девушке стало легко /девушка почувствовала себя свободно/; а host should try and set his guests at ease хозяин должен стараться, чтобы его гости чувствовали себя свободно /как дома/: now you may set your mind at ease теперь вы можете перестать волноваться /не волноваться/; set a question (the affair, the matter, etc.) at rest разрешить /урегулировать/ вопрос и т.д.; that sets all my doubts at rest это рассеивает все мои сомнения; set prisoners at liberty освобождать заключенных
    8) set smth. for smth. set the table for dinner (for five people, for two, etc.) накрыть стол к обеду и т.д.; set the stage for the next scene in a play подготовить сцену для следующей картины [в пьесе]; set the scene for talks подготовить условия /создать благоприятную обстановку/ для переговоров; set smth. by smth. set one's watch by the radio timesignal (by the town clock, by the clock in the library, by mine, etc.) ставить /сверять/ часы по радиосигналу и т.д.; set smth. to (for, at) smth. set the clock (the hands of the clock) to the correct time (to the proper hour of the day, etc.) точно поставить часы и т.д.; set the alarm for 5 o'clock (the camera lens to infinity, a thermostat at 70°, etc.) поставить будильник на пять часов и т.д.
    9) set smb., smth. at (in, он, etc.) smth. set a guard (a sentry, etc.) at the door (at the gate, at the corner of the street, in the nearest village, on the hill, etc.) поставить сторожа /часового/ и т.д. у дверей и т.д.; set pickets around the camp выставлять дозорных вокруг лагеря
    10) set smb., smth. over (before, among, etc.) smb., smth. set him over others (a supervisor over the new workers, etc.) назначать его начальником над остальными и т.д.; set Vergil before Homer отдавать предпочтение Вергилию перед Гомером, ставить Вергилия выше Гомера; set the author among the greatest writers of today (the painter among the best artists of the world, the team among the strongest teams of Europe, etc.) считать автора одним из крупнейших писателей современности и т.д.; set duty before pleasure ставить долг выше удовольствий /на первое место/; set honesty above everything (diamonds above rubies, etc.) ценить честность превыше всего и т.д., his intelligence (his talent, his character, etc.) sets him apart from others (from ordinary people, from the normal run of people, etc.) его ум и т.д. выделяют его среди других и т.д.; her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters из всех сестер у нее одной были ярко-рыжие волосы
    11) set smth. at smth. set the price (the value of the canvas, etc.) at t 1000 оценить / назначить, определить цену/ и т.д. в тысячу фунтов; set bail at i 500 установить сумму залога в пятьсот фунтов; set neatness at a high value очень ценить аккуратность, придавать большое значение опрятности; set smth. for smth. set a time for a meeting назначать время собрания; set the rules for a contest вырабатывать правила состязания; set the lesson for tomorrow задавать урок на завтра; set smth. to /for /smth. set limits to smb.'s power (to his extravagance, to his demands, etc.) ограничивать чью-л. власть и т.д., устанавливать предел чьей-л. власти и т.д.; he sets no limit to his ambition его честолюбие не знает предела; set a time-limit for examination установить продолжительность экзамена; set a time-limit for debates установить регламент для выступления в прениях; set a record for the mile устанавливать рекорд в беге на одну милю; set an end to it положить этому конец; set smth. on smth., smb. set a high value on life (on punctuality, etc.) высоко ценить жизнь и т.д.; set a punishment on smb. налагать наказание на кого-л., определять кому-л. меру наказания; set a price on smb.'s head /on smb.'s life/ назначить награду за чью-л. голову /за чью-л. жизнь/; set smth. at some time set the death of the man at midnight установить, что смерть этого человека наступила в полночь || set much store by smth. придавать большее значение чему-л.; set much store by social position (by daily exercise, by what the neighbours say, by the opinion of people like him, etc.) придавать большое значение общественному положению и т.д.
    12) set smth. for (in, to, etc.) smth. set papers for the examination составлять экзаменационные работы; set new questions (problems, etc.) in an examination подготовить новые вопросы и т.д. для экзамена; set the words (this poem, etc.) to music положить эти слова и т.д. на музыку; set new words to an old tune сочинить новые слова на старый мотив; set Othello to music а) написать музыку к "Отелло"; б) написать /сочинить/ оперу "Отелло"; set a piece of music for the violin переложить музыкальное произведение для скрипки
    13) set smth. before smb. set a plan (facts, one's theory, one's proposals, etc.) before the council (before the chief, before experts, etc.) изложить совету /представить на рассмотрение совета/ и т.д. план и т.д.
    14) set smth. to smth. set one's name /one's signature, one's hand/ to a document подписать документ; set a seal to the decree скрепить указ печатью; set smth. on smth. set a veto on smth. накладывать запрет на что-л.
    15) set smth. on (in) smth., smb. set one's life on a chance рисковать жизнью в надежде на удачу; set one's future on a chance строить планы на будущее в расчете на счастливое стечение обстоятельств; set hopes on a chance (on him, on his uncle, etc.) надеяться /возлагать надежды/ на случай и т.д.
    16) set smth. for smb. set a snare for a fox поставить капкан на лису; set poison for rats разложить отраву для крыс
    17) set smth. for smth. set milk for cheese ставить молоко на творог, створаживать молоко
    18) || set fire to a house (to a barn, etc.) поджигать дом и т.д.; set the woods (a woodpile, etc.) on fire поджигать лес и т.д.
    15. XXII
    1) set smth. on doing smth. set one's heart /one's hopes, one's mind, one's thoughts/ on becoming an engineer (on going with us, on going abroad, etc.) очень хотеть /стремиться/ стать инженером и т.д.; I set my heart on going today я решил ехать сегодня; he sets his hopes on getting on in life он очень надеется преуспеть в жизни /добиться в жизни успеха/; if he once sets his mind on doing something it takes a lot to dissuade him если он настроился на что-либо, его очень трудно отговорить
    2) set smb. to doing smth. set him to woodchopping поставить его на колку дров, заставить его колоть дрова; set her to thinking заставить ее задуматься; set a child to crying довести ребенка до слез; he set himself to amusing me он изо всех сил старался развлечь меня
    16. XXIV1
    set smth. as smth. set education (money, revenge, etc.) as one's goal /as one's aim, as one's object, as one's purpose, as one's task/ поставить себе целью получить образование в т.д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > set

  • 20 line

    line [laɪn]
    ligne1 (a)-(c), 1 (e), 1 (j)-(o), 1 (r), 1 (v) trait1 (a) ride1 (a) rang1 (c) queue1 (c) mot1 (f) corde1 (g) tuyau1 (h) voie1 (i) frontière1 (p) branche1 (q) chaîne1 (s) lignée1 (t) border2 (a) régler2 (b) doubler2 (c) garnir2 (c), 2 (d)
    1 noun
    (a) (mark, stroke) ligne f, trait m; (wrinkle) ride f; Mathematics, Sport & Television ligne f;
    to draw a line tracer ou tirer une ligne;
    Sport to beat sb on the line (at the finishing line) coiffer qn au poteau;
    to score 50 points above/below the line (in bridge) marquer 50 points d'honneur/de marche;
    straight line (gen) ligne f droite; Mathematics droite f;
    there are five lines to a stave une portée est constituée de cinq lignes;
    his face was covered with lines son visage était plein de rides
    (b) (path) ligne f;
    light travels in a straight line la lumière se propage en ligne droite;
    it's on a line between Houston and Dallas c'est sur la ligne qui va de Houston à Dallas;
    the two grooves must be exactly in line les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;
    I don't follow your line of thinking je ne suis pas ton raisonnement;
    to be in the line of fire être dans la ligne de tir;
    line of sight or of vision ligne f de visée;
    let's try a different line of attack essayons une approche différente;
    it's all in the line of duty cela fait partie de mes fonctions;
    the problems I meet in the line of duty les problèmes auxquels je suis confronté dans l'exercice de mes fonctions;
    to be killed in the line of duty (policeman) mourir dans l'exercice de ses fonctions; (soldier) mourir au champ d'honneur;
    British to take the line of least resistance choisir la solution de facilité;
    there's been a terrible mistake somewhere along the line il s'est produit une erreur grave quelque part;
    I'll support them all along or right down the line je les soutiendrai jusqu'au bout ou sur toute la ligne;
    the population is split along religious lines la population est divisée selon des critères religieux;
    he reorganized the company along more rational lines il a réorganisé l'entreprise sur une base plus rationnelle;
    we shall take action along the lines suggested nous agirons dans le sens de ce qui a été proposé;
    another idea along the same lines une autre idée dans le même genre;
    we seem to be thinking along the same lines il semble que nous voyions les choses de la même façon;
    to be on the right lines être sur la bonne voie
    (c) (row → side by side) ligne f, rang m, rangée f; (→ one behind another) rang m, file f; American (queue) file f (d'attente), queue f;
    a line of traffic une colonne de véhicules;
    to fall or get into line, to form a line (people) se mettre en ligne; (children) se mettre en rang; (soldiers) former les rangs;
    stand in line, children mettez-vous en rang, les enfants;
    to step into line se mettre en rang;
    a line of trees une rangée d'arbres;
    we joined the line at the bus stop nous avons fait la queue à l'arrêt de bus;
    they wanted to be first in line ils voulaient être les premiers dans la file d'attente;
    figurative he's in line for promotion il est sur les rangs pour une promotion;
    he's next in line for promotion la prochaine promotion sera pour lui;
    he's first in line for the throne c'est l'héritier du trône;
    to be on the line (job, reputation) être en jeu;
    to put one's job/reputation on the line mettre son travail/sa réputation en jeu;
    to lay one's reputation/life on the line (for sb/sth) mettre sa réputation/vie en jeu (pour qn/qch)
    it's in/out of line with company policy c'est conforme/ce n'est pas conforme à la politique de la société;
    it's more or less in line with what we'd expected cela correspond plus ou moins à nos prévisions;
    to bring wages into line with inflation actualiser les salaires en fonction de l'inflation;
    the rebels have been brought into line les rebelles ont été mis au pas;
    to fall into line with government policy accepter la politique gouvernementale;
    to step out of line s'écarter du droit chemin
    (e) (of writing, text) ligne f; (of poem, song) vers m; (of play) réplique f;
    new line (in dictation) à la ligne;
    Computing a 20-line program un programme de 20 lignes;
    School she gave me 100 lines elle m'a donné 100 lignes (à faire);
    she quoted a line from Wordsworth elle a cité un vers de Wordsworth;
    I only have two lines in the whole play! je n'ai que deux répliques dans toute la pièce!;
    he forgot his lines il a oublié son texte;
    he gave me the usual line about his wife not understanding him il m'a fait son numéro habituel comme quoi sa femme ne le comprend pas;
    familiar to shoot a line (boast) frimer; (smooth talk) baratiner;
    American familiar to hand or give or pass sb a line (chat up) draguer qn
    to drop sb a line envoyer un mot à qn
    (g) (rope) corde f; Nautical bout m; Fishing ligne f; (in surveying) & Building industry cordeau m;
    to hang the washing on the line mettre le linge à sécher, étendre le linge;
    your clothes are out on the line tes vêtements sont sur la corde à linge
    (h) (pipe) tuyau m; (pipeline) pipeline m
    the train left the line le train a déraillé
    (j) (travel route) ligne f;
    underground line ligne f de métro;
    there's a new coach line to London il y a un nouveau service d'autocars pour Londres;
    to keep the lines of communication open maintenir ouvertes les lignes de communication;
    shipping line compagnie f de navigation
    (k) Electricity ligne f;
    the power lines have been cut les lignes électriques ont été coupées;
    the lines are still down after the gale les lignes n'ont pas été rétablies depuis la tempête;
    the power station comes on line in June la centrale entre en service en juin
    the line went dead la communication a été coupée;
    I was on the line to Paris je téléphonais à Paris;
    all the lines to London are busy toutes les lignes pour Londres sont occupées;
    then a voice came on the other end of the line alors une voix a répondu à l'autre bout du fil;
    I have Laura on the line j'ai Laura en ligne;
    a direct line to Washington une ligne directe avec Washington;
    hold the line ne quittez pas;
    the line is British engaged or American busy la ligne est occupée;
    there's someone on the line il y a quelqu'un sur la ligne;
    the line's very bad la communication est mauvaise;
    she's on the other line elle est sur l'autre ligne;
    Computing on line en ligne
    (m) (outline) ligne f;
    the graceful line or lines of the new model la ligne harmonieuse du nouveau modèle;
    can you explain the main or broad lines of the project to me? pouvez-vous m'expliquer les grandes lignes du projet?
    (n) (policy) ligne f;
    they took a hard or tough line on terrorism ils ont adopté une politique de fermeté envers le terrorisme;
    the opposition takes a harder line on this issue l'opposition a une politique plus dure sur cette question;
    to follow or to toe the party line suivre la ligne du parti;
    what line are you going to take? quel parti allez-vous prendre?;
    we must take a firm line with such people il nous faut être ferme avec des gens comme ça
    (o) Military ligne f;
    they struggled vainly to hold the line ils ont vainement tenté de maintenir leur position;
    battle lines lignes fpl de bataille;
    to infiltrate enemy lines infiltrer les lignes ennemies;
    regiment/ship of the line régiment m/navire m de ligne
    (p) (boundary) frontière f, limite f;
    the distant line of the horizon la ligne lointaine de l'horizon;
    the (dividing) line between frankness and rudeness la limite entre la franchise et l'impolitesse;
    to overstep the line dépasser la mesure;
    the poverty line le seuil de pauvreté;
    they crossed the state line into Nevada ils ont franchi la frontière du Nevada;
    to cross the Line (equator) traverser l'équateur
    (q) (field of activity) branche f; (job) métier m; (field of interest) domaine m;
    she's in the same line (of work) as you elle travaille dans la même branche que toi;
    what line (of business) are you in?, what's your line (of business)? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?;
    if you need anything doing in the plumbing line si vous avez besoin de faire faire des travaux de plomberie;
    that's not my line ce n'est pas mon rayon;
    that's more in Katy's line c'est plus du domaine de Katy;
    opera isn't really my line l'opéra n'est pas vraiment mon genre
    (r) (range → of products) ligne f;
    a new line of office furniture une nouvelle ligne de meubles de bureau;
    they produce or do an interesting line in chairs ils produisent une gamme intéressante de chaises;
    familiar a rice pudding or something in that line un gâteau de riz ou quelque chose dans ce genre(-là)
    (s) (production line) chaîne f;
    the new model will be coming off the line in May le nouveau modèle sortira de l'usine en mai
    (t) (lineage, ancestry) lignée f;
    line of descent filiation f;
    to be descended in (a) direct line from sb descendre en droite ligne de qn;
    the Windsor line la lignée des Windsor;
    the title is transmitted by the male line le titre se transmet par les hommes;
    he comes from a long line of doctors il est issu d'une longue lignée de médecins
    I'll try and get a line on what actually happened j'essaierai d'avoir des tuyaux sur ce qui s'est réellement passé;
    the police have got a line on him la police sait des choses sur lui
    (a) (road, river) border;
    the avenue is lined with trees l'avenue est bordée d'arbres;
    crowds lined the streets la foule était ou s'était massée sur les trottoirs
    (b) (paper) régler, ligner
    (c) Sewing (clothes, curtains) doubler; (container, drawer, cupboard) tapisser, garnir;
    lined with silk doublé de soie;
    the tissue that lines the digestive tract la paroi interne de l'appareil digestif;
    you need something to line your stomach il faut que tu avales quelque chose avant;
    Cookery line the baking tin with pastry disposez la pâte dans le moule;
    walls lined with books des murs tapissés de livres;
    familiar to line one's (own) pockets s'en mettre plein les poches
    (d) Technology (bearing) garnir, recouvrir; (brakes) garnir; (wall, furnace) revêtir, incruster; (well) cuveler;
    to line a shaft with metal blinder un puits;
    the tubes are lined with plastic l'intérieur des tubes est revêtu d'une couche de plastique
    ►► Marketing line addition ajout m à la ligne;
    Typography line block cliché m au trait;
    Computing line break saut m de ligne;
    line call (in tennis) décision f du juge de ligne;
    Computing line command ligne f de commande;
    Finance line of credit ligne f de crédit, ligne f de découvert;
    line dancing = danse de style country effectuée en rangs;
    Marketing line differentiation différenciation f de ligne;
    line drawing dessin m au trait;
    Sport line drive (in baseball) flèche f;
    Typography & Computing line end fin f de ligne;
    Typography & Computing line end hyphen tiret m de fin de ligne;
    line engraving gravure f au trait;
    Marketing line extension extension f de ligne;
    Computing line feed changement m de ligne;
    American line fence clôture f;
    Marketing line filling consolidation f de ligne;
    line fishing pêche f à la ligne;
    Typography line gauge typomètre m;
    Sport line judge juge m de ligne;
    Commerce line management organisation f hiérarchique;
    Commerce line manager chef m hiérarchique;
    line noise parasites mpl;
    line organization organisation f hiérarchique;
    Computing line printer imprimante f ligne à ligne;
    Computing line printout imprimé m ligne à ligne;
    Theatre line rehearsal lecture f collective;
    Telecommunications line rental abonnement m;
    Typography & Computing line space interligne m;
    three line spaces un triple interligne;
    Typography & Computing line spacing interlignage m, espacement m de lignes;
    Marketing line stretching extension f de ligne;
    Typography & Computing line width longueur f de ligne
    line up
    (a) (put in line → objects) aligner, mettre en ligne; (→ people) faire aligner;
    he lined up the troops for inspection il fit aligner les hommes pour passer l'inspection
    the two grooves must be lined up exactly les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;
    he had the pheasant lined up in his sights il avait le faisan dans sa ligne de mire
    (c) familiar (plan) préparer, prévoir ;
    I've got a treat lined up for the kids j'ai préparé une surprise pour les gosses;
    he's lined up an all-star cast for his new film la distribution de son nouveau film ne comprend que des stars;
    have you got anyone lined up for the job? avez-vous quelqu'un en vue pour le poste?;
    what have you got lined up for us? qu'est-ce que vous nous préparez?
    (stand in line) s'aligner, se mettre en ligne; American (queue up) faire la queue;
    figurative the Liberals lined up behind the government les libéraux ont apporté leur soutien au gouvernement

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > line

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